By 1871, Germany and Italy would be unified because of the Crimean War
Breakdown of the Concert of Europe
-The Crimean War was the result of a long-term struggle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
-Russia was especially interested in expanding its power into Ottoman lands in the Balkans. This expansion would:
~allow Russian ships to sail through the Dardanelles, the straits between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
~Russia would be the major power in eastern Europe and challenge British naval control of the eastern Mediterranean.
- In 1853 , the Ottoman Turks declared war on Russia named the Crimean War Great Britain and France, fearful of Russian gains in this war, declared war on Russia the following year.
- The Crimean War was poorly planed
Effects:
- By the Treaty of Paris, signed in March 1856, Russia agreed to allow Moldavia and Walachia to be placed under the protection of all the great powers.
-destruction of the Concert of Europe
Italian unification
In northern Italian state of Piedmont
- Camilo di Cavour Cavour, knew that Piedmont's army was not strong enough to defeat the Austrians. So he made an alliance with the French emperor Louis-Napoleon.
-Cavour then provoked the Austrians into declaring war in 1859.
-After the conflict, a peace settlement gave Nice and Savoy to the French. Lombardy, which had been under Austrian control, was given to Piedmont.
In southern Italy
- an italian leader named Giuseppe Garibaldi raised an army of a thousand volunteers
- Garibaldi's forces landed in Sicily and controlled most of the island
-Austria still held Venetia in the north; and Rome was under the control of the pope, supported by French troops.
-The Italians gained control of Venetia as a result of supporting Prussia in a war between Austria and Prussia.
-Rome became the capital of the new European state.