small chance of actually getting the disease.
Researchers are studying possible causes
such as:
• The environment. Sunlight, stress,
smoking, certain medicines, and viruses
may trigger symptoms in people who
are most likely to get lupus due to their
•
•
genes.
Hormones such as estrogen. Lupus is
more common in women during their
childbearing years when estrogen levels
are highest.
Problems with the immune system.
DID WE ANSWER YOUR QUESTION ABOUT LUPUS?
For more information about lupus, call the OWH Helpline at 1-800-994-9662 or check
out the following resources from other organizations:
• Lupus Nephritis — Information from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
Diseases
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease/lupus-nephritis?dkrd=hispt0354
•
Understanding lupus — Information from the Lupus Foundation of America
https://www.lupus.org/understanding-lupus
•
•
What is Lupus? — Information from the National Institute of Arthritis and Muscu-
loskeletal and Skin Diseases in several languages, including Spanish, Korean, and
Chinese https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/lupus
What people with lupus need to know about osteoporosis — Information from the
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/conditions-behaviors/osteoporosis-lupus
SOURCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Lawrence, R.C., Felson, D.T., Helmick, C.G., Arnold, L.M., Choi, H., Deyo, R.A., et al, for the National Arthritis Data
Workgroup. (2008). Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part II.
Arthritis Rheum; 58(1):26–35.
Helmick, C.G., Felson, D.T., Lawrence, R.C., Gabriel, S., Hirsch, R., Kwoh, C.K., et al, for the National Arthritis Data
Workgroup. (2008). Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: Part I.
Arthritis Rheum; 58(1):15–25.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus).
Manzi, S, et al. (1997). Age-specific incidence rates of MI and angina in women with SLE: comparison with the Framing-
ham Study. Am J Epidemiol; 145: 408-15.
Lee, Y.H., Woo, J.H., Choi, S.J., Ji, J.D., Song, G.G. (2010). Induction and maintenance therapy for lupus nephritis: a sys-
tematic review and meta-analysis. Lupus; 19:703–710.
Fernandez, M., Calvo-Alen, J., Alarcon, G.S., et al. (2005). Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort
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Dall’Era M. Chapter 21. Systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Imboden JB, Hellman DB, Stone JH. (Eds). Current Rheuma-
tology Diagnosis and Treatment. 3rd ed. New York, NY:McGraw-Hill; 2013.
This content is provided by the Office on Women's Health.
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