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Endnotes
1 HHRI , ‘ Mental health and gender-based violence : Helping survivors of sexual violence in conflict – a training manual ’, < HHRI _ EN _ GBV . pdf >.
2 United Nations Association of Norway ( 2021 ), ‘ Flyktninger , Hentet fra Flyktninger ’, < fn . no >. 3 UNHCR ( 2021 ), ‘ Refugee Data Finder , From UNHCR ’ ( Refugee statistics ).
4 Kofi Annan , ‘ Violence against women “ most shameful ”, pervasive human rights violation , says Secretary- General in remarks on International Women ’ s Day ’, < www . un . org / press / en / 1999 / 19990308 . sgsm6919 . html >.
5 Skjelsbæk , I . ( 1997 ), ‘ Seksualisert vold som våpen i krig ’, in NUPI , ‘ Kvinner , krise og krig ’ ( Women , Crisis and War ), NUPI Report 225 , pp . 47 – 55 .
6 Chynoweth , S . ( 2017 ), ‘“ We keep it in our heart ”: Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in the Syria Crisis ’, UNHCR , < www . hhri . org / wp-content / uploads / 2021 / 04 / Sexual-violence-against-men-and-boys-in- Syria- . pdf >.
7 All Survivors Project ( 2018 ), ‘“ Destroyed from Within ”, Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys in Syria and Turkey ’, < https :// reliefweb . int / sites / reliefweb . int / files / resources / ASP _ Syria _ Report . pdf >.
8 Women ’ s Refugee Commission ( 2019 ), ‘“ More Than One Million Pains ”: Sexual Violence Against Men and Boys on the Central Mediterranean Route to Italy ’, < www . womensrefugeecommission . org / wp-content / uploads / 2020 / 04 / Libya-Italy-Report-03-2019 . pdf >.
9 Bjune , M . C . ( 2017 ), ‘ Kartlegging av rammene for barns beskyttelse mot vold og seksuelle overgrep på asylmottak ’, Redd Barna , < https :// min . helsekompetanse . no / pluginfile . php / 8396 / mod _ book / chapter / 1236 / Kartlegging % 20av % 20rammene % 20for % 20barns % 20beskyttelse % 20p % C3 % A5 % 20 asylmottak . pdf >.
10 Reform and FMSO ( 2017 ), ‘ Ser vi gutta ? Gutter og menn utsatt for seksuelle overgrep : Lastet ned fra Ser vi gutta ? Gutter og menn utsatt for seksuelle overgrep ’, Norwegian Directorate for Children , Youth , and Family Affairs , < https :// reform . no / wp-content / uploads / 2017 / 04 / Rapport _ ser _ vi _ gutta _ Enkeltsider . pdf >.
11 Lønning , M . N ., Aasnes , A . E ., Laupstad , I . ( 2020 ), ‘ Røde Kors . Torturert og glemt ?’, < https :// flyktning . net / media / torturert-og-glemt . pdf >.
12 Dinardi , C ., Lie , B ., Sveaass , N ., Weiss , N . ( 2021 ), ‘ Torturutsatte i den norske asylprosessen . En utredning av Norges forpliktelser , og anbefalinger til praksis ’, < www . fafo . no / images / pub / 2021 / 20788 . pdf >.
13 For a definition of GBV , see < www . unhcr . org / gender-based-violence . html >.
14 LGBTQI : lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , queer and intersex . < https :// socialprotection-humanrights . org / key-issues / disadvantaged-and-vulnerable-groups / lgbtqi >.
15 Kiss , L ., Quinlan-Davidson , M ., Pasquero , L ., et al . ( 2020 ), ’ Male and LGBT survivors of sexual violence in conflict situations : a realist review of health interventions in low-and middle-income countries ’, Conflict and Health , 14 , 11 , at < https :// doi . org / 10.1186 / s13031-020-0254-5 >.
16 The UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights , < www . un . org / sites / un2 . un . org / files / 2021 / 03 / udhr . pdf >.
17 To be completely clear , it is in no way our intention to contrast the incidence or effects of sexual violence against females and males , or to minimise the impact of sexual violence on women , or to imply that women survivors of sexual violence are more likely to receive support . We are simply trying to set out the parameters of sexual violence against men and boys .
18 United Nations Security Council , Resolution 2467 , 23 April 2019 , < www . un . org / shestandsforpeace / sites / www . un . org . shestandsforpeace / files / unscr _ 2467 _ 2019 _ on _ wps _ english . pdf >.
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19 Women Peace and security , Norwegian Government`s action plan ( 2019-2022 ) < www . regjeringen . no / globalassets / departementene / ud / dokumenter / planer / actionplan _ wps2019 . pdf >.
20 Andersen , Torbjørn Herlof . ( 2008 ) < http :// dx . doi . org / 10.1177 / 1557988307308107 > Speaking About the Unspeakable : Sexually Abused Men Striving Toward Language . < http :// www . sagepub . com /