considered appropriate and/or possible two
groups have been differentiated and compared:
EU 15, for the countries that joined the EU before
2004 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and
United Kingdom); and EU 13, for the countries
that joined the EU after 2004 (Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,
Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and
Slovenia). When averages on EU 28, EU 15 and EU
13 are reported, these generally refer to year 2014
and have been extracted by the Health For All
Database. The considered trends normally refer
to the years 2000–2015. When data on 2015 are
not available, or they have not been gathered for
a sufficient number of countries, the closest year
is considered. Some figures are disputed for not
being precise enough but at least they give a good
indication of the diversity.
Financial resources for healthcare
From 2000 to 2016, the total current health
expenditure expressed in purchasing power parity
(PPP$) per capita increased on average by 120%
in the EU. Inpatient care, out-of-pocket payments
and pharmaceutical expenditures, in particular,
showed growing trends in the considered years.
In EU 15, the amount of total current health
expenditure per capita in 2016 was encompassed
between 2223 PPP$ in Greece and 7463 PPP$
in Luxembourg while in EU 13, this range
varied from 1466 PPP$ in Latvia to 2835 PPP$ in
Slovenia. In Switzerland, this indicator reached
7919 PPP$. Compared with 2000, the total health
expenditure per capita in 2016 varied positively
in all the countries taken into consideration in
this analysis. Major increases have been registered
in Ireland (+210%), Poland (+219%), Latvia (+236%),
Slovakia (+257%) and Estonia (+309%).
Public current health expenditure includes all
schemes aimed at ensuring access to basic health
care for the whole society, a large part of it, or
at least some vulnerable groups. Included are:
government schemes, social health insurance,
chart 1
Total current health expenditure in ppp$ per
capita, share of public and private: Year 2016
Public share of current health expenditure
Private share of current health expenditure
Luxembourg 83% Switzerland 64% Germany 85% 15%
Sweden 84% 16%
Denmark 84% Netherlands 81% Austria 76% Ireland 70% Belgium 77% France 79% United Kingdom 79% Finland 75% Italy 75% Spain 71% Czech Republic 82% Slovenia 72% Portugal 66% Slovakia 80% Estonia 76% Hungry 68% Greece 58% Poland 69%
Lativa
56%
0
17%
36%
16%
19%
24%
30%
23%
21%
21%
25%
25%
29%
18%
28%
34%
20%
24%
32%
42%
31%
44%
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
chart 2
Public sector health expenditure as percentage of total government expenditure
in the EU and in some illustrative countries: Trend 2000–2014
Switzerland
Netherlands
Germany
EU 15
EU 28
EU 13
Greece
Latvia
Cyprus
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
9
7
5
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
13
HHE 2018 | hospitalhealthcare.com
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014