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Esophagitis
Over time, when fluids from the stomach and digestive enzymes reflux into the
esophagus, they cause inflammation in the lining of the esophagus. This
inflammation, which can lead to bleeding, is called esophagitis. The symptoms
of esophagitis are anemia, vomiting blood and black stools. Esophagitis can
develop into severe ulcers that lead to pain when swallowing, scarring and
narrowing of the esophagus.
There are several other causes for esophagitis. Among them are radiation
treatment for breast cancer, obesity, smoking, alcohol and anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs).
Having esophagitis can be confirmed using endoscopic tests. However, it is
most advisable to combine that with a biopsy of the inflamed tissue to
eliminate the occurrence of cancer of the esophagus.
Stricture
Multiple scars within the esophagus formed by healed ulcers and recurrent
inflammation can over time narrow the width of the esophagus (the opening of
the LES), causing significant difficulty in swallowing food. The opening can
shrink to a tiny hole (and mimic the difficulty of fluid to pass through a clogged
sink drain) where large pieces of food can practically block the esophagus.
Diagnosis is important when stricture occurs since cancer can mimic the
symptoms of stricture. Endoscopy can be used to remove particles of food
that are stuck in the esophagus. In severe cases, surgery is required to widen
the esophageal passage.
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