A cost-effectiveness model was created using data from the first 180 days of the pandemic ; it found that more than 50 percent of new infections among healthcare workers in South-East Asia , Europe and the Americas could have been avoided , as could have approximately one-third of new infections in other regions . There was a USD $ 7.2 billion net savings globally when hand hygiene and PPE were practiced .”

which is significantly more effective than PPE alone ). Gaps exist among research outputs and the actionable outcomes : evidence-based cost-effective IP & C global measures require high-quality and timely studies , stemming from collaborative multidiscipline groups .”

Furthermore , Cassini ( 2022 ) said that the pandemic created significant consequences for the healthcare supply chain , with essential health services being greatly impacted , and shortages of medical supplies and other commodities affecting prevention of AMR and HAIs . According to the WHO ’ s Round 3 Global Pulse Survey on continuity of essential health services conducted from November through December 2021 , 92 percent of countries reported persisting disruptions in at least one essential health service during the pandemic . Forty-four percent of countries in 2020 and 26 percent in 2021 indicated lack of IP & C supplies and best practices as a major reason for essential health services disruption .

References :

Banerjee S , et al . Disease X : Accounting for the unknown . Health Sci Rep . 2023 Apr ; 6 ( 4 ): e1173 . doi : 10.1002 / hsr2.1173

Cassini A . Lessons Learned For Infection Prevention and Control . WHO Health Emergencies Program Meeting on Pathogen X : Scientific strategies from recent outbreaks to help us prepare for Pathogen X . Aug . 29-30 , 2022 .

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ). Data Modernization Initiative Strategic Implementation Plan . 2021 .

Henao-Restrepo AM . Ongoing efforts to identify pathogens that have the greatest pandemic potential ? WHO Health Emergencies Program Meeting on Pathogen X : Scientific strategies from recent outbreaks to help us prepare for Pathogen X . Aug . 29-30 , 2022 .

Ombajo LA . Future pandemics might be caused by bacteria and not viruses . WHO Health Emergencies Program Meeting on Pathogen X : Scientific strategies from recent outbreaks to help us prepare for Pathogen X . Aug . 29-30 , 2022 .

Ozcelik E , Lerouge A , Cecchini M , Allegranzi B , Cassini A . 32nd European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases . April 23-26 , 2022 . Abstract O0296 .

Sow S . A tale of outbreaks past . Did we learn ? Preparing for Pathogen X . WHO Health Emergencies Program Meeting on Pathogen X : Scientific strategies from recent outbreaks to help us prepare for Pathogen X . Aug . 29-30 , 2022 .

Tahir MJ . Disease X : A hidden but inevitable creeping danger . Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol . 2021 Jul 26:1-2 . doi : 10.1017 / ice . 2021.342

Walke H . Presentation at 2023 IDWeek : How the CDC Is Preparing for Disease X .

The Infection Prevention Exchange

By MD-Medical Data Quality & Safety Advisors , LLC

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