Health Discoveries Winter 2020 | Page 8

DOCTORS’ Notes Left Behind Sepsis care can be worse for minority patients, study finds. BY MOLLIE RAPPE Revolution in Alzheimer’s Research Brown will help lead a nationwide collaboration to improve dementia care. BY BRIAN E. CLARK B rown University and Boston-based Hebrew SeniorLife will lead a national effort to improve health care and quality of life for people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, as well as their caregivers. The National Institute on Aging is funding the project with up to $53.4 million over five years. Together, the institutions will create a massive collaborative research incubator to develop trials aimed at evaluating treatments for Alzheimer’s or Alzheimer’s-related dementia. “This grant will revolutionize the national infrastructure for research into how care is delivered to people living with dementia and their caregivers,” says Vincent Mor, PhD, co-leader of the collaboration and a professor of health services, policy, and practice at Brown’s School of Public Health. The first objective of the project is to fund and provide expert assistance to up to 40 pilot trials across the country that will test non-drug, care-based therapies for people living with dementia. The second objective is to develop best practices for implementing and evaluating therapies and share them with the research community at large. The 40 year-long pilot projects will be run in health care systems across the country and generate the necessary data to inform larger, definitive trials supported with federal funding, the researchers say. Mor says the size of the grant reflects the urgent need to better care for the millions of families who face Alzheimer’s and related dementias. More than 5 million Americans live with Alzheimer’s or a related condition, according to the Alzheimer’s Association; that number is expected to double by 2050. The annual cost of dementia care exceeds $226 million a year in the US alone. 8    HEALTH DISCOVERIES l WINTER 2020 S epsis is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the body’s extreme response to an infection triggers a chain reaction. “Even with the best care, the mortality rate is between 15 and 25 percent,” says Mitchell Levy, MD, a professor of medicine at the Warren Alpert Medical School. Early identification and treatment of sepsis is essential for saving lives (see Health Discoveries, Winter 2018). When New York launched an initiative to improve care and survival, more patients received the recom- mended treatment and mortality rates decreased, according to a study that Levy co-authored. However, the researchers found a difference in sepsis care between black and white patients. During the first 27 months of the initiative, black patients experienced an increase of only 5.3 percentage points in the completion of the best-practice protocol, while white patients saw an increase of 14 percentage points. They also found that hospitals that serve higher proportions of black patients had smaller improvements in protocol completion. Within the same hospital, white and black patients received similar care, in terms of protocol completion rates, according to Amal Trivedi, MD, MPH, a professor of medicine and the paper’s senior author. Prior research found that minority-serving hospitals tend to have more financial stress, fewer resources, and less infrastructure for quality improvement measures, he says. These hospitals also tend to treat more uninsured patients and those on Medicaid. “Racial and ethnic minority groups can get left behind,” says co-author Keith Corl, MD, an assistant professor of medicine. “Knowing this, it is our job to better design and monitor these programs to ensure racial and ethnic minority patients realize the same benefits as white patients.”