APPENDIX( continued)
Retirement Home( Facility): Special complexes of apartments or private homes that provide a supportive environment for seniors, but allow residents to remain somewhat independent. Residents have their own living space( apartment or room) and services provided vary greatly. Examples of services are meals in a central location, laundry facilities, housekeeping, bathing assistance, dressing, and assistance taking medication.
Rigidity: Stiffness and resistance to movement. May be a symptom of a neurologic movement disorder such as Parkinson’ s disease.
Senior Center: A community facility for the organization and provision of a broad spectrum of services, including health, social, recreational, and educational services and programs, for older people.
Sialorrhea: Excess production of saliva, or increased retention of saliva in the mouth resulting from difficulty swallowing.
Side Effect: An effect of a drug that is not the main or intended effect. Side effects may be of no concern, or they may be bothersome or even dangerous, in which case they may limit the upper dose a patient can tolerate. Side effects are also called adverse effects and are closely monitored for through vigorous clinical testing.
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Social Worker: A professional trained to work with individuals, couples, and families around a wide variety of problems including those arising from medical and mental health concerns. Social workers are also knowledgeable about community resources and how to access them. Social workers are registered, certified, or licensed, depending on a state’ s accreditation designations.
Striatum: See also Basal Ganglia for more information. The striatum is an area of the brain that controls movement and balance. It is connected to and receives signals from the substantia nigra.
Substantia Nigra: See also Basal Ganglia for more information. The substantia nigra is an area in the brain that controls movements and is the origin of most nerve cells that use dopamine as a messenger to communicate with other nerve cells. Degeneration of cells in this region may lead to a neurologic movement disorder such as Parkinson’ s disease or PSP.
Tauopathy: A class of neurodegenerative disorders that has the pathologic aggregation of the tau protein as the common denominator. Examples for tauopathies are PSP, CBD, CTE, and Alzheimer’ s disease.
Toxin: A poisonous substance produced by a plant or animal or by humans as, for example, a by-product of some industrial, extractive, or agricultural activities.
Tremor: Rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory( or to-and-fro) movements of a body part.
Unified Parkinson’ s Disease Rating Scale( UPDRS): A standardized set of questions and physical exam items used worldwide to evaluate Parkinson’ s disease. It can also be used in other parkinsonian disorders, such as PSP, CBD, and MSA, although those have their own, more specific scales. The UPDRS is useful both for ordinary clinical care and in research studies and is the standard measure accepted by the FDA as a measure of benefit of new treatments for Parkinson’ s.
Urinary Tract Infection( UTI): Such infections are almost always bacterial rather than viral or fungal. They can occur in the kidneys, bladder, or ureter( the tube from kidney to bladder). They can occur in otherwise healthy people but are far more likely in the presence of dehydration, diabetes, and immunosuppression and in any condition impairing the regular and complete emptying of the bladder. Such conditions include PSP, CBD, and MSA as well as benign prostate enlargement and tumors.
Urgency: Typically referring to urination: a sensation of having to urinate that appears more suddenly than normal, requiring an urgent trip to the bathroom to prevent incontinence. When incontinence does occur in this way, it is called“ urge incontinence.” This is the typical form of incontinence in PSP, CBD, and