Growth Of Seismic Survey Market 2014 - 2020 oct 2016 | Page 2

REPORT DESCRIPTION

Increasing exploration activities owing to the efforts of oil and gas companies to locate new oil and gas reserves is
expected to drive the global seismic survey market during the forecast period. Oil and gas companies use seismic
surveys to map and interpret potential petroleum reserves.
Petroleum geologists and geophysicists estimate the size and location of the underground oil and gas reserves. Seismic
survey is the primary tool of exploration companies. A seismic survey is conducted by creating a shock wave on the
surface of the ground along a predetermined path using an energy source. Seismic waves are created using vibrating
plates and explosive. The waves are reflected back to the surface due to the density variation between the rocks. The
speed and strength of the waves indicate the geological features. Land, transition zone and marine are the primary
environments for seismic survey. The land environment covers almost every type of terrain such as desert, forest,
mountains and arctic.
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Transition zone is the area where the land meets the sea. The shallow water in the transition zone provides a challenge for
the seismic company as the large seismic vessel cannot enter the shallow water. Moreover, the water is too deep for using
conventional methods that are used for land surveying. Marine survey includes the deep water areas such as ocean and
seas. Land surveys tend to be large entities, requiring hundreds of tons of equipment and employing hundreds of people
to cover a vast area. In marine surveys, specially equipped vessels are used that tow one or more cables. These cables
are known as streamers and contain a series of hydrophones at regular interval. For a 2D survey, only 1 streamer is
required whereas for a 3D survey, 10 to 12 streamers are required.
The global seismic survey market can be segmented on the basis of technology into 2D survey, 3D survey and 4D survey.
In a 2D survey, both the sound source and the sound detectors are move along a straight line. In a 3D survey, the sound
detectors are spread out over an area and the sound source is moved from location to location throughout the area. In a
4D survey, the process of 3D survey is repeated at two or more time intervals. Mapping the fluid movement in oil and gas
reserves is the primary application of a 4D survey. The size and scale of seismic surveys have increased significantly in
the past three decades. The use of new and improved technology for interpretation has improved the accuracy of the
result. On the basis of application, the global seismic survey market can be segmented into land survey and marine
survey.