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food for several years and it also had to import chemical fertilizers (and agricultural machineries) for
the development of agriculture. In sum, India had to pay a huge cost for the sake of the negligence of
agriculture at the time until the mid-1960s, which is considered to be a typical case of the „Ricardian
trap‟ in economic development (Hayami, 1997).
The first wave of the Green Revolution in India had another limitation from the viewpoint of
overall economic development in the country. Because the diffusion of the Green Revolution was
confined to wheat crop and in northern India such as Punjab, Haryana and the western part of Uttar
Pradesh, it could not raise rural income and alleviate rural poverty in a wider area. Rural India
continued to be poor except some particular spots.
100.00
90.00

Rice
Wheat
Coarse grains
Maize

80.00

70.00

Million tons

60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00

1950/51
1952/53
1954/55
1956/57
1958/59
1960/61
1962/63
1964/65
1966/67
1968/69
1970/71
1972/73
1974/75
1976/77
1978/79
1980/81
1982/83
1984/85
1986/87
1988/89
1990/91
1992/93
1994/95
1996/97
1998/99
2000/01
2002/03
2004/05
2006/07

0.00

Year

Figure 3 Production Trend of Major Cereals in India

30

100
Sown area (million ha)
Yield（100Kg/ha)
Irrigated ratio(%)
80

20
60

Irrigated Ratio(right)
(%)

Million h