Green Revolution India India Green Revolution | Page 16

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Hara, Y. ed., Ajia Keizai Ron (Asian Economies), Tokyo: NTT Publishers, 381-415.
Pant, N., 1992, New Trend in Indian Irrigation: Commercialisation of Ground Water, New Delhi:
Ashish Publishing House.
Riddle, P.J., M. Westlake and J. Burke, 2006, Demand for Products of Irrigated Agriculture in
Sub-Saharan Africa, FAO Water Reports 31, Rome: FAO.
Sakurai, T., 2006, “Intensification of Rainfed Lowland Rice Production in West Africa: Present
Status and Potential Green Revolution”, The Developing Economies, Vol. XLIV, No.2, 232-251.

１

In addition to the favorable climate conditions, there were other important socio-economic
conditions for the rapid diffusion of the new agricultural technologies in north India such as Punjab;
i.e. the areas were newly settled areas by medium-sized farmers after construction of the canal
irrigation network in the British colonial era; and land consolidation program was successfully
implemented in the areas after independence which solved the problem of land fragmentation; and
finally and most importantly, private tube-wells were introduced for irrigation in the areas which
solved the problem of unreliable irrigation water distribution from the government canals.
After the first wave of the Green Revolution the copping pattern was changed as follows. In
the dry season (rabi season), pulses (or the mixed cropping of pulses with wheat) were substituted
by wheat. And in the monsoon season (kharif season), coarse cereals such as jowar (sorghum) and
bajra (pearl millet) were substituted by rice albeit the process was lagged behind the diffusion of
wheat in the rabi season for several years.
２
Double cropping of HYV rice (aman in the kharif season and boro in the rabi season) was widely
expanded in the neighboring country of Bangladesh too.
３
However, under the situation without rural electrification, tube-wells were rapidly diffused in
rural Bangladesh during the 1980s.
４
See, for example, Kahnert and Levine (1993), Pant (1992), Fujita, Kundu and Jaim (2003). See
also Fujita (2010) regarding Bangladesh.