GORV - Digital Magazine Issue #5 | Page 22

STAY IN CHARGE TO GET THE MOST OUT OF YOUR RV’S BATTERY, YOU FIRST NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENERGY AND POWER. | WORDS: COLLYN RIVERS With batteries and associated matters, ‘energy’ and ‘power’ are constantly confused. Energy is the ability to perform work. Power relates to how fast that energy is used. Olga can heave a 200 kg barbell overhead. Doing so needs a lot of power. She cannot do it many times. Fred re-stacks supermarkets, typically stacking two hundred 1 kg cans two metres high every fifteen minutes. In addition, he does it for hours. In lifting 200 kg through two metres, each does the same amount of work and expends the same energy. The power Olga requires, however, is huge. Fred needs far less. However, by doing so much longer his energy capacity and usage is far greater. A 4WD starter motor is 22 gorv.com.au a battery-powered Olga. It needs a lot of power for only a second or two, but surprisingly little energy. Supplying 500 amps for (say) three seconds is about that drawn by a six watt LED for one hour. It depletes the starter battery less than 2%. The alternator replaces that within a minute or two. Running an RV’s lights and TV, etc., however needs a battery that is more Fred-like than (powerful) Olga. Deep- cycle batteries traditionally fill that role. OLD TECHNOLOGY The first rechargeable battery surfaced around 1860. It had surprisingly high power, but limited energy storage. Batteries then remained much the same until recently. Power was rarely an issue but energy storage (per volume and weight) increased by only 50% or so. The later AGM batteries are mostly Fred-like, but rugged and a tad more powerful. LiFePO4 batteries store about three times the energy for the same size and weight lead acid batteries. NEWISH TECHNOLOGY Early lithium-ion batteries proved fire-prone but the later LiFePO4 variant less so. Most are Olga-like but (depending on capacity) double as Freds. Their ability to provide high power enables book-sized 18 amp hour versions to start a diesel