" Clearly , all nuts must be tightened to the correct torque , and in the correct pattern , in strict accordance with the instructions provided by the wheel or chassis manufacturer ,” Mr Young said . “ It is strongly recommended that pencil lines are made on one face of each nut , with a mating line on the wheel , so that a quick visual inspection can detect any loosening of a nut . Clip-on plastic ‘ indicators ’ – fitted to each nut , with their adjacent ‘ arrowheads ’ aligned – provide an even-quicker warning of any nut loosening .”
Leaf-springs do provide some damping of vibrations , but unfortunately it is mainly on the " bump " ( up-wards ) movement of the wheel , rather than on the " rebound " ( downwards ) movement of the wheel … where it would be far more beneficial .
Continual vibrations – and occasional heavy impacts – from road surfaces , would inevitably have an adverse effect on the wheel assemblies , Mr Young said .
“ This is severely aggravated if the tyre pressures – and the spring rates – are too high for the actual wheel-loading .”
Stresses on the wheel assemblies are further increased if shock-absorbers ( dampers ) are not fitted .
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