GORV - Digital Magazine Issue #24 | Page 21

RV FEATURE Until 2010, solar capacity was very costly. The general advice back then was to fit only what was needed, and to have as much battery capacity as feasible. Since then, however, solar capacity fell in price by almost 90%. Virtually all solar modules are made in China although (the Chinese-based) Canadian Solar also produces solar modules in Canada. The five top brands have long been Trina, Yingli, Jinko, Suntech and JA Solar. All are readily obtainable in Australia, and some are sold under other brand names. Most such solar modules produce an actual 140- 180 watts per square metre around midday in most latitudes. A safe guide is to assume about 400 – 630 watts per day in most parts of Australia, except way down south during the three main winter months. Also, since 2010, battery pricing has escalated. A good 100 amp-hour AGM now costs $300 upward, yet only 50% of its capacity can be used without substantially shortening its life below 500 such cycles. Lithium-ion LiFePO4 batteries are still about three times that price, but if 80% of their capacity is routinely used, their life span is about 2000 cycles, almost 5.5 years if, improbably, used daily. (‘LifePO4’ is that type of battery’s chemical makeup. It is a generic description, not a trade name.) LiFePO4 batteries also maintain virtually constant voltage down to the maker-advised minimum of 20%. A 100 amp-hour LifePO4 is thus the equivalent of a 130 amp-hour AGM. In essence, when buying rechargeable batteries, one is actually paying for usable amp-hours. AGM batteries accept higher charging rates than do conventional deep-cycle lead-acid batteries. They are damaged by over-voltage, so it is necessary to ensure that the obligatory solar controller protects against this by having an AGM setting option. All good brands do. / 21