ANIMAL WELFARE •CAFOS: COOPERATIVE LEARNING
NOTES - OVERVIEW
This does not include the many other animals, including fish and other marine species, that are used for food products.
Concerns around animal welfare exist in those industries as well.
2
Calculation based on US Department of Agriculture, 2012 Census of Agriculture, 2014, Source: Farm Forward, https://
farmforward.com/ending-factory-farming/ (accessed Nov. 6, 2017)
3
John Hopkins Center for A Livable Future, “Industrial Food Animal Production,” http://www.foodsystemprimer.org/
food-production/industrial-food-animal-production/ (accessed Nov. 14, 2017)
4
ASPCA, “Factory Farms,” https://www.aspca.org/animal-cruelty/farm-animal-welfare (accessed Nov. 8, 2017)
5
US Department of Agriculture, “Livestock Slaughter,” December 23, 2015, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/nass/
LiveSlau/2010s/2015/LiveSlau-12-23-2015.pdf (accessed Nov. 8, 2017)
6
USDA, “Poultry Slaughter 2016 Summary,” February 2017, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/PoulSlauSu/
PoulSlauSu-02-24-2017.pdf; and USDA, “Livestock Slaughter 2016 Summary,” April 2017, http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/
usda/nass/LiveSlauSu/2010s/2017/LiveSlauSu-04-19-2017.pdf
7
ASPCA, “A Growing Problem: Selective Breeding in the Chicken Industry, A Case for Slower Growth,” 2015, https://www.
aspca.org/sites/default/files/chix_white_paper_nov2015_lores.pdf
8
Heather Paxton et al. “The effects of selective breeding on the architectural properties of the pelvic limb in broiler chickens:
a comparative study across modern and ancestral populations,” Journal of Anatomy 217(2); 153-166, 2014.
9
Robert F. Wideman and Rhonda D. Prisby, “Bone Circulatory Disturbances in the Development of Spontaneous Bacterial
Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis: A Translational Model for the Pathogenesis of Femoral Head Necrosis,” Frontiers in
Endocrinology 3: 183, 2012.
10
FM Mitloehner and MS Calvo, “Health and Safety in Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations,” Journal of Agricultural
Safety and Health 14(2):163-87, 2008; and Carrie Hribar and Mark Schultz, “Understanding Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations and Their Impact on Communities,” National Association of Local Boards of Health, 2010, https://www.cdc.
gov/nceh/ehs/docs/understanding_cafos_nalboh.pdf
11
See: Good Food Purchasing Program Value Spotlights on Valued Workforce and Environmental Sustainability.
1
NOTES - CAFO COOPERATIVE LEARNING
USDA Agricultural Research Service. National Program 206: Manure and Byproduct Utilization (FY 2005 Annual Report).;
2005.
4
American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Manure Production and Characteristics.; 2005
5
Nicole W. CAFOs and Environmental Justice: The Case of North Carolina. Environ Health Perspect.
2013;121(June):A182-A189.
6
Nicole W. CAFOs and Environmental Justice: The Case of North Carolina. Environ Health Perspect.
2013;121(June):A182-A189.
7
Julia Kravenckho. Mortality and Health Outcomes in North Carolina Communities Located in Close Proximity to Hog Con-
centrated Animal Feeding Operations. North Carolina Medical Journal. 2018;79 (September):278-288.
8
Gustafson RH, Bowen RE. Antibiotic use in animal agriculture. J Appl Microbiol. 1997;83(5):531-41.
9
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Letter to The Honorable Louise M. Slaughter: Sales of Antibacterial Drugs in Kilograms.
Washington D.C.; 2010.
10
Page SW and Gautier P. 2012. Use of antimicrobial agents in livestock. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office Interna-
tional des Epizooties 31(1):145-88.
11
Adapted from FoodSpan’s “Industrial Food Animal Production Primer,” 2016, accessed November 11, 2018 http://www.
foodsystemprimer.org/food-production/industrial-food-animal-production/index.html
12
Adapted from FoodSpan’s “Industrial Food Animal Production Primer,” 2016, accessed November 11, 2018 http://www.
foodsystemprimer.org/food-production/industrial-food-animal-production/index.html
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GOOD FOOD PURCHASING PROGRAM • GOOD FOOD RISING
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