GLOCAL Jan 2014 | Page 33

They said the package was needed because of the benefits it would give directly, but also because it would bolster the WTO and its trading system, and provide the impetus to conclude the Doha Round, which was launched in 2001 and has seen little progress since 2008 until work intensified on the Bali Package this year. However a small group of countriesCuba, Bolivia, Nicaragua, and Venezuela recorded serious reservations about what they considered to be imbalances in the package in favour of richer countries, and the absence of provisions barring discrimination in the form of trade embargoes on goods in transit. Their concern about embargoes delayed consensus on the package until a compromise was struck in the form of a sentence upholding the principle of non-discrimination in goods in transit was added to the final declaration. Much of the rest of the package focuses on various issues related to development, including food security in developing countries and cotton and a number of other provisions for least developed countries. Encouraging decisions in Trade facilitation The trade facilitation decision is a multilateral deal to simplify customs procedures by reducing expenses and getting better their speed and efficiency. It will be a legally binding agreement and is one of the biggest reforms of the WTO since its establishment in 1995 — other agreements struck since then are on financial services and telecommunications, and among a subset of WTO members, and agreement on free trade in information technology products. The objectives are: to speed up customs procedures; make trade easier, faster and cheaper; provide clarity, efficiency and transparency; reduce bureaucracy and corruption, and use technological advances. It also has provisions on goods in transit, an issue particularly of interest to landlocked countries seeking to trade through ports in neighboring countries. Part of the deal involves assistance for developing and least developed countries to update their infrastructure, train customs officials, or for any other cost related with implementing the agreement. The benefits to the world economy are calculated to be between $ 400 30 During those final critical hours, almost all members said the package should be adopted in full, even if they were not completely happy with some parts of it. The package also includes a political commitment to reduce export subsidies in agriculture and keep them at low levels, and to reduce obstacles to trade when agricultural products are imported through quotas. Page sorrow at the news of the death of former President Nelson Mandela.