You Ask , They Answer
Q
: What ’ s Asperger ’ s syndrome and how does it differ from autism ?
A
: Asperger ’ s syndrome is a milder form of autism spectrum disorder or ASD . But strictly speaking it ’ s no longer an official diagnosis since the latest diagnostic manuals have subsumed it under ASD . Its removal , however , is controversial as some experts believe it to be a distinct and unique disorder . In relative terms , individuals with Asperger ’ s have less language delay and impairment compared to the more severe end of the ASD spectrum . Normal intelligence is also a key differentiating factor for Asperger ’ s syndrome compared to more severe ASD cases .
Asperger ’ s syndrome is characterised by two domains of difficulties in affected individuals . The first is social communication deficits . Individuals with ASD often find it hard to appreciate the nuances of social interactions . Research has shown that they struggle more with non-verbal aspects of communication . For example , they are likely to struggle with the interpretation of body language and facial expressions . A commonly observed sign is the lack of eye contact when interacting with others .
The second domain of difficulties relates to behavioural aspects . Individuals with Asperger ’ s tend to be inflexible or rigid . This can manifest as difficulty adapting to changes in routine . There can also be behaviours , interests , or activities that are restricted or repetitive , often with a narrow focus . This could range from an intense fascination with certain subjects , such as the mechanical movement of rotating fans , to knowledge about the minute details of transportation systems .
Q
: What are the telltale signs parents should look out for ?
A
: There are certain soft signs that can be suggestive of autism , e . g ., developmental delay especially with language . However , not all language delay leads to autism . The lack of interactive play by pre-school age is another possible sign .
Q
: Are there also qualities , like the ability to focus or good memory , that are often associated with the condition ?
A
: Up to one in 10 individuals with ASD might display splinter skills / savant skills , e . g ., extraordinary memory or mathematical ability .
Q
: What ’ s your advice for managing the condition ?
A
: It ’ s a good idea to seek clarification when someone is suspected of having Asperger ’ s syndrome or ASD . The only effective treatment at this time is early interventions ( e . g ., speech therapy , occupational therapy ) which can be very helpful . If we miss the golden opportunity to intervene at a young age , it ’ s much more difficult to change the course of the condition . It ’ s not uncommon for individuals with ASD to also have other conditions , like learning disorders , anxiety / depression , and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( ADHD ). Expert evaluation and advice would be helpful .
Dr Clarence Goh
Dr Clarence Goh is a senior psychiatrist at Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital in Singapore . You can find out more about him at psychiatrist . sg .
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10 SEPTEMBER 2022 GlobalHealthAsiaPacific . com