Index 253
Sound waves
Doppler Effect, 75–76
Space. See Light, space, and time
Spectrographs
dark matter, 211–12
distance to the sun, 27
existence of planets around other stars, 216
expanding universe, 151
quasars and pulsars, 205
Spectrography
atomic light signatures, 81
isotopes, 134
quasars and pulsars, 205
radioactive dating, 120
Speed of light
black holes, 141
distance to the sun, 27
E = mc2, 111–12
electromagnetic radiation/radio waves, 84
importance of, 155
origins of discovery, 155–56
quarks, 203–4
Sperm, 29
Spitzer, Lyman
fusion, 192–93
Starling, Ernst
hormones, 109–10
Stars. See Atomic light signatures; Black holes;
Distance to the sun; Doppler Effect;
Existence of planets around other stars;
Expanding universe; Galaxies; Neutron
star; Quasars and pulsars; Solar system;
Stellarator; Supernovae
Static
electricity, 38–39
Stellarator
fusion, 193
Steno, Nicholas
fossils, 25–26
Strangeness
quarks, 204
Stratosphere
atmospheric layers, 108
Strong force. See Weak and strong force
Subatomic particles. See also Atomic bonding;
Quantum theory; Quarks
antimatter, 160–61
electrons, 101–2
isotopes, 133
neutrons, 163
radioactivity, 105–6
weak and strong force, 172
Sugar
metabolism, 174–75
Sun-centered universe. See also Distance to
the sun; Galaxies
importance of, 5
origins of discovery, 5–6
Ptolemy’s model, 5–6
Sunlight
photosynthesis, 46
Superconductivity
importance of, 128
origins of discovery, 128–29
semiconductor transistor, 184
Supernovae
accelerating universe, 218
quasars and pulsars, 206
Supplements. See Vitamins
Symbiosis
complete evolution, 208–9
Synchrotron
weak and strong force, 172
Systema Naturae, 34
Tansley, Arthur
ecosystems, 169–70
Taung skull
human evolution, 146–47
Taxonomy. See also Order in nature
definition of, 33
Teisserenc de Bort, Leon Philippe
atmospheric layers, 107–8
Telescopes. See also Microscopes
atmospheric layers, 108
dark matter, 211–12
definition of, 14
distance to the sun, 27–28
Doppler Effect, 76
existence of planets around other stars,
215–16
expanding universe, 150–51
planetary motion, 13
radio, 205
Temperature. See also Absolute zero temperature
atmospheric layers, 107–8
Big Bang theory, 186
Earth’s core and mantle, 136–37
fusion, 192–93
infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light, 55