98 Blood Types
In long rows of test tubes, he mixed a few drops of each patient’s blood with a few
drops of blood from every other patient.
In his microscope, he checked to see which red blood cells clumped together, and
which did not. Before he had checked half the test tubes under a microscope, Karl was
stunned to find that he could easily divide the blood samples into two distinct groups. Red
blood cells from any member of one group agglutinated (stuck to) red blood cells from every member of the other group. But the cells never stuck to blood cells of other members
from the same group.
He named these groups “A” and “B.” Not all blood was compatible. Different people’s
blood was different!
He continued testing and found blood samples that didn’t agglutinate with either type
“A” or “B” red blood cells. Landsteiner realized that there must be a third group. People in
this group could safely donate blood to anyone. He named this third blood group type “O.”
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