Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288) . Number 120, December 2014, pp. 1-29. | Page 12

12 The third named Amphicoelias species, Amphicoelias fragillimus, is known only from a single, incomplete 1.5 m tall neural arch (the part of a vertebra with spines and processes), either last or second to last in the series of back vertebrae, D (dorsal) 10 or D9, that would have measured 2.7 metres (8.8 feet) long in life. In addition to this single vertebra, Cope's field notes contain an entry for an "[i]mmense distal end of femur‖, located only a few tens of meters away from the giant vertebra. It is likely that this undescribed leg bone belonged to the same individual animal as the neural spine (Wikipedia). In 2010, a monograph was made available, but not formally published, by Henry Galiano and Raimund Albersdörfer in which they referred a fourth species to Amphicoelias, as "Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus" based on several complete specimens found in the Dana Quarry of Big Horn Basin, Wyoming, USA and held in a private collection. The specific name referred to their hypothesis based on these specimens that nearly all Morrison diplodocid species are either growth stages or represent sexual dimorphism among members of the genus Amphicoelias, but this analysis has been met with skepticism and the publication itself has been disclaimed by its lead author, explaining that it is "obviously a drafted manuscript complete with typos, etc., and not a final paper. In fact, no printing or distribution has been attempted" (Wikipedia). Hind legs bones of the Long-necked Whip-tailed Sauropod Dinosaur (Amphicoelias brontodiplodocus Galiano and Albersdörfer, 2010) at Dubai Mall, Dubai, UAE. Photo by Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Khalaf-von Jaffa. 08.04.2014. https://www.flickr.com/photos/50022881@N00/13897551603/ ً‫ػظاو األسجم انخهفٍت ف‬ ً‫انذٌُاصىس صاوسوبىد رو انؼُق انطىٌم وانزٌم انسىطً وٌشجغ ػًشها إنى 333 يهٍىٌ سُت وحى انؼثىس ػهٍها ف‬ ُ ‫يحجشة داَا فً واٌىيٍُج فً انىالٌاث انًخحذة األيشٌكٍت فً انؼاو 6..0 وهً يؼشوضت حانٍا ً فً دبً يىل 444 ػذست‬ .64.240.32 4 ‫: أ4 د4 َىسياٌ ػهً بساو خهف انٍافاوي‬ Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 120 – December 2014