Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin (ISSN 0178 – 6288) . Number 107, November 2013, pp. 1-29.

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The Two Wolf Subspecies (Canis lupus arabs Pocock, 1934) and (Canis lupus pallipes Sykes, 1831) in Palestine
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By: Prof. Dr. Sc. Norman Ali Bassam Ali Taher Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa
???? ???? ?????? ?????? . ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? (11) ??????? ? ?????? ??? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ? (11) ????? ? ??? ? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ?????? ? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ? (11) ??????? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ? ????? ? ???? ? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ? (11) ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ? ??? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ? ?? ? (11) ? ?? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ? (11) ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ?????? ? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?? ? (11) ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ?? 11-11 ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ?? ? (11) . ??? ???? ?????? . ???? ???? ? ??????? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ??
As evidenced by quotations in the Holy Qur'an, the wolf (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758) coexisted with man in the area of Palestine for thousands of years and was well known as a predator, as we know it from the story of Prophet Yusuf (Joseph). The Reverend Henry Baker Tristram (1884) stated in his reference book “The survey of western Palestine. The fauna and flora of Palestine” that the wolf is found in every part of Palestine. Wolves still live in over half of Palestine, but have disappeared during the last 70 years from the more densely settled areas. It appears, however, that in some areas their population has increased recently due to easily available food from garbage dumps (Mendelssohn 1982, Khalaf-von Jaffa 1990). The "Israeli" Wild Animals Protection Law of 1954 completely protected almost all wild animals in Occupied Palestine except, among others, the Palestine Golden Jackal (Canis aureus palaestina Khalaf, 2008), which was later given complete protection. The Palestinian Fauna (including the wolf) is also protected under the Palestinian Environment Law no. 7 of 1999.
Gazelle : The Palestinian Biological Bulletin – Number 107 – November 2013