Gauteng Smallholder October 2017 | Page 21

From page 17 stocking rates to optimize financial returns. Important parameters which affect the carrying capacities of game are a) Minimum hectare per Animal Unit (ha/animal) of optimal habitat needed to fulfil the varied requirements of dietary fodder needed year round; b) Minimum Habitat Area (ha) per animal or associated animal groups (family) needed to fulfil the social and spatial needs of the species; and c) Browser Equivalent Unit for browser animals, where one browser unit equals a 140 kg kudu , feeding on 1500 edible, acceptable trees/- shrubs with a canopy height of between 0,6 to 2,0 m and which retain more than 35% of their foliage year round (Furstenburg). The number of animals to be kept on any land unit is determined by the habitat-area size, provided that it is suitable for the species; the carrying capacity of the unit; the social and spatial needs of the animals; and, the animal- species composition, ie, interaction and Some species require indigenous trees of a certain height as part of their diet. size of the breeding camps should be 50 ha and should not be smaller than 10 ha. The game industry, in contrast to pure conservation, works on the agriculturally defined Large Stock Unit (LSU) as a benchmark to determine carrying capacities and game 19 www.sasmallholder.co.za GAME composition. So a farm of a certain size may be able to carry 600 cattle, yet only 333 kudu. The Gauteng guidelines state, “It is essential to recognize that the role of game ranches is not merely as sites where game is bred, but also as a contribution to the conserva- tion of biodiversity in the broader context.” Few smallholdings are big enough to conserve bio- diversity while carrying game.