Gauteng Smallholder October 2017 | Page 17

HORSEMANSHIP From page 14 Horses have particularly expressive ears. They are pricked when alert, but drooped when dozy or in pain and drooped backwards to show submission. “Aero- plane ears” which are held out to the side with openings downwards show that the horse is psychologically low or has lost interest. Twitching and flicking ears are a sign of a stressed or confused horse, while flattened back ears show aggression. When your horse is swishing its tail first sideways then up and down, it is ill at ease, anxious or confused. However increased power of side flick shows real rage and flicked high in air and slapped down hard is warning that kicking will follow. Different emotions are also expressed by the tail when it is held high, low or straight out. Horses tell us much through different sounds too: they will snort, squeal and snicker in greeting, courtship or Flicking of the tail is a means of communication. maternally. They neigh and whinny, blow, grunt or groan, stamp their hooves or pass wind. Watch out for the roar of intense rage of a fighting stallion. Touch signals are a very common means of communi- cation. They are seen when horses meet - nose to nose, mares use nudges and foals use them to warn the mare they are going to look for the udder. Aggression is commu- nicated through pushing and biting. Of course, touch is used by riders to direct the horse and by handlers, along with the voice, to warn a horse of where they are. Chemical communication refers to horses smelling each 15 www.sasmallholder.co.za other in great detail. Mares use smell to identify their foals, as well as visual signs. It is obvious to anybody who has worked with horses that they recognise humans visually and by smell, and will express their pleasure at recognition by whinnying or stamping their feet. Somethimes they will take a nip out of their human friend and this is often mis- interpreted as an aggressive or “naughty” act. In fact, it is nothing more than the equivalent of a human “love- bite” and needs a response of reward and affection, rather than punishment, even if it was painful.