Gauteng Smallholder February 2016 | Page 14

NEWS From page 10 Global warming might make for a permanent El Nino effect being their second cut. K In the medium term, ie through the winter to the next and fill dams and rivers, but rainy season, the rains that there will still be a shortage will fall now will replenish partially ground water sources next year. And, of course, there will be feed shortages, and higher food prices, especially of red meat later in the year as there won't be the throughput of slaughter animals to satisfy demand. K In the long term, the weather pattern depends on the extent of global warming and the El Nino/La Nina cycle. Weather scientists are pretty sure they can predict when an El Nino (which brings drought to southern Africa and elsewhere in the southern hemisphere) will occur, and when the cycle will change to the opposite, the La Nina effect. What they are less sure of is the intensity of the effect and therefore the intensity of the drought or above-average rainfall that we can expect. What they are also beginning to factor in to the calculation is the degree to which global warming affects the El Nino (which is nothing more than the effect that happens as a result of higher-than-normal ocean temperatures in the central Pacific Ocean). With global warming raising temperatures generally (2015 was the hottest year ever recorded in many parts of the world) scientists are now taking the view that ocean temperatures will be affected, which if that includes the central Pacific will mean an increase in the number, and possibly also intensity of, El Nino years, which will mean that the current pattern of drought and dry years in southern Africa could become the norm. PLANT ID From page 10 herbarium, check the I-spot website (www.ispotnature.org/communities/southernafrica). You may find images of your plant there. You can also upload your images of plants and animals there for the I-spot community to identify. Using I-Spot is free of charge. Identifications by the herbarium from photos will not be done, unless accompanied by a physical specimen. The National Herbarium is located in the Pretoria National Botanical Garden, 2 Cussonia Avenue, Brummeria. For Taxonomic & botanical enquiries call 012 843-5000. 12 www.sasmallholder.co.za