Gauteng Smallholder August 2015 | Page 21

PLANNING From page 18 over the Internet or, if your investment in growing crops is substantial it will be worth having your soil professionally analysed by a laboratory. This is especially true if you wish to identify missing trace elements such as boron, magnesium etc which may need augmenting to ensure a good crop. That's because the shop-bought testing kits typically only have four tests, namely for pH (acid or alkaline), and the three main plant nutrients, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (N, P & K). If your beds are small, one test of each type should be sufficient. However, if your plantings are extensive you will need to do multiple tests, over the whole area to be planted, because soil content can vary greatly in different areas. Thus, draw a rough plan of your planting area or, more accurately, use a Google Earth image of your plot. Demarkate the field to be planted and plot four, say, soil sampling sites, A, B, C & D, a few metres in from the four corners of the field, marking each sampling site with a stake. Next, take soil samples according to the instructions in the testing kit, carefully noting which sample came from where, and carry out the tests, noting the results for each area. In most cases this is made easier for you by the testing kit itself which will require you to mix up a sample of soil and water of, say, a litre. You then perform all the tests using fluid from this sample, discard the remaining fluid, rinse the mixing container and the test kit vials, and proceed to the next location to dig up the 20 www.sasmallholder.co.za required soil for the next mixture. If any of your tests are abnormal in any way ~ either very high readings or very low, or at great variance from the other tests in the field, repeat the tests using a fresh soil sample drawn from somewhere a metre or so from the original sample site. Similarly, if, say, one corner of your field is markedly more acid or alkaline than the rest, or shows a marked deficiency in one or other nutrient, perform a series of tests into the centre of the field to see at what point the soil abnormality ceases. In this way you can plan how much of each remedial treatment needs to be added, and where. facebook.com/gautengsmallholder