Gauteng Smallholder April 2018 | Page 23

BIODIVERSITY From page 19 Along with bacteria and fungi, they convert all dead plant and animal material into forms that are useable for growth either by them- selves or other organisms. According to Dr Jankielsohn, the major concern for insect biodiversity “is the use of agrochemicals (insecticides, herbicides, chemical fertili s ers, etc) and the cultivation practices of planting monocultures. “The first important step is to limit and ideally stop the use of any chemicals, because these will have a detrimental effect on insect biodiversity. By increasing the diversity in your crop you will increase the insect diversity.” We should adopt a holistic approach to our ecosystems. What and where we choose to plant is one aspect of this ecological management approach. Intercropping, companion planting, polyculture – these are all terms for planting different plants or vegetables together in the same space, sometimes at the same time and sometimes in staggered planting. Some plants are used in intercropping because of their effect on insects. Some plants repel pest insects while attracting predatory insects and pollinators. It is well known that marigolds and garlic chives are very good insect repellents. Lucerne is one of the best crops for attracting and retaining beneficial insects and it can then be used as fodder. Jankielsohn also To page 23 21 www.sasmallholder.co.za A damsel fly devours an aphid