Gauteng Smallholder April 2016 | Page 28

ON THE PLOT From page 23 experience the first frost around 19 May and 80% of the province will have frost by 1 June. In terms of the last days of frost, 20% will have the last frost on 15 August, while 80% of the province will have the last frosts by 3 September. These are of course averages and used as a guideline, for frost is notoriously erratic. There are other factors within your property that will also affect your choice of planting. There can be a noticeable temperature variation within a few hundred metres in most areas of Gauteng. The cold collects in valleys and depr essions. If your smallholding is in a flat area, it means your land is more exposed to cold winds in winter. If there a number of buildings on your or your neighbour's plot, you may be sheltered from cold winds or the buildings may channel the exposed surfaces, such as foliage and lawn, forming dew. When temperatures drop to below freezing, the water vapour changes the ice crystals, which is known as frost. In winter, frost is most likely to occur on wind-free, cloudless nights as both wind and cloud cover can keep the air temperature warmer. In some regions the air is too dry for ice crystals to form. Nevertheless the belowfreezing temperatures Plants covered with lightweight frost cloth. wind into your garden. so that you can feel where the damage plant structure and such frosts are known as cold collects, where it flows There will also be temperablack frosts, so-called because ture variation within different and where it is warmer and of the colour of the damaged more protected. parts of your smallholding. plant foliage and stems. These 'zones' can change over Knowing this will enable you Frost damage occurs when time as buildings and plants to better plan where to plant the cell sap in plants freezes. within and surrounding your hardy plants to screen your This causes the sap to expand land change. garden and veggie patch. and the cell walls rupture, One way to find the cold What actually happens to thereby destroying the plant. areas in your property is to cause frost? During the night Some plants cannot survive walk around your garden very both the soil surface and the frost – these are commonly early on a cold morning, air cools, until water vapour Continued on page 27 preferably dressed minimally, in the air condenses on 26 www.sasmallholder.co.za