Gauge Newsletter January 2019 | Page 45

CRYPTOCURRENCY - DIGITAL MONEY ............................................................................................ I n today’s world, everything is converting into digital. Even the currency is no exception. Yes, ‘digital currency’. This is currency, which is available in digital form. Using these currencies, customers have been able to do almost all the things that physical currency could do and more. ‘Cryptocurrency’ is a type of digital currency that uses encryption techniques to regulate the generation of units and to verify fund transfers without the involvement of the central bank. Cryptocurrency uses a decentralized approach to operate, which means there are neither central servers nor a central governing authority. David Chaum introduced this idea of digital currency in 1983. Over the last two decades, there had been few failed attempts to introduce new types of digital currencies. Then, marking a new start, Bitcoin came to life in 2008. This is described as a peer-to-peer electronic cash system. A public ledger called ‘blockchain’ is used to store all the transactions within the network. Therefore, everyone can see everyone’s account details such as sender, receiver and transferred amount. In this network, a transaction is a file which contains the sender’s and receiver’s public keys and the amount of coins transferred. When the sender signs off the transaction with his private key, it gets broadcasted to the network. There is a role called ‘Miner’ in the crypto world. Miners are the only ones that can confirm a transition in a cryptocurrency network. First, the transitions are taken by the miners and marked as legitimate. Then they spread those throughout the network. How cryptocurrencies work Buying Today, there are a lot of parties who accept Bitcoins as a method of payment, both online and offline. Even though there are many types of other digital currencies most of them are not widely used as Bitcoins. Don’t be surprised if you see a sign that says ‘We accept Bitcoins’ when you register for your university course or even when you book your next air ticket or hotel room. GAUGE Magazine University of Peradeniya PAGE| 43