Collecting carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) emissions from power plants and heavy industry through carbon capture and storage ( CCS ) technologies helps to reduce the amount of CO 2 that enters the atmosphere .

Pre-combustion capture removes CO 2 before the combustion of the fuel , and requires a carbonaceous fuel to be broken down into hydrogen ( H 2 ) and carbon

monoxide ( CO ), a mixture known as syngas .

For high-efficiency CO 2 capture , the syngas has to be ‘ shifted ’ after it is cleaned , yielding heat and a gas stream with high CO 2 and H 2 concentrations .

The CO 2 can then be removed with chemical and physical solvents , adsorbents , and membranes . CO 2 traces can be present in the H 2 stream .

Other applications , for example H 2 , NH 3 and synthetic fuel production have been using the same technology that captures CO 2 from the syngas generated in a gasifier for decades . In addition , the reforming and partial oxidation of natural gas are already widely applied , for example in the production of H 2 in the NH 3 production process .

Air Separation

O 2

Compressor

Coal

Shift Reactor

Steam Turbine

P40