GANGA 52nd Issue | Page 7

treatment costs. pollution in Cities their can avoid watersheds by encouraging better farming practices. RIVERS OF INDIA Narmada the daughter of Lord Shiva Part-6 McDonald and Shemie estimate that on In continuation of the Geology of the average, a 10 percent reduction in both valley (refer News Letter no.49), it is to sediment and nutrient loads can provide State that the major rock formations a 5 percent reduction in treatment costs delimiting the Narmada Valley are for the world’s largest cities. Their organically linked to the activities in the global survey found that one in four Indian plate and are thus much older cities would profit by pursuing one or than the Himalayas. The Vindhyan is more strategies. regarded as being 1400 m.y. , the Worldwide, water utilities could save up Satpura about 1000 m.y. old. The to $890 million a year. extensive Deccan Traps, which partly conservation overlie the Vindhyan and Satpuras, with Their research also shows that working closely with ranchers and farmers has the potential to be more cost-effective. For instance, pursuing better farming practices on just 0.2 percent of farmlands in urban watersheds could improve water quality for 600 million people. The study has already caught city managers’ attention. After it came out last fall, the mayor of a heavily industrialized Chinese city of 15 million asked the Conservancy for an in-depth analysis of how it could protect its water supply. Unfortunately Indian Cities are still ignorant or not concern about this an age of 80-50 m.y. are comparatively young. The Narmada is the only river in India which flows along a rift valley which is made up of a Graben with two normal faults-the Narmada North and Narmada south faults, running parallel to its course. Narmada and Tapti are geologically 150 m.y. older than the river Ganga(Unni,1996). The Narmada basin represents a highly complex hydrological system. The river is fed by 41 principal tributaries, 22 of them joining her on the left bank, and 19 on the right bank. Estimates of the average annual water flow of the river study. 7 Integrated River Basin Management Society