GLOSSARY OF TERMINOLOGY FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
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Adaptation to changing environment- Adaptation is a process of deliberate change in anticipation of or in reaction to external stimuli and stress. The dominant research tradition on adaptation to environmental change primarily takes an actorcentered view, focusing on the agency of social actors to respond to specific environmental stimuli and emphasizing the reduction of vulnerabilities.
Analytics- The discovery and communication of meaningful patterns in data. Especially valuable in areas rich with recorded information, analytics relies on the simultaneous application of statistics, computer programming and operations research to quantify performance. Analytics often favors data visualization to communicate insight.
Application development- The process by which application software is developed for low-power handheld devices, such as personal digital assistants, enterprise digital assistants or mobile phones. These applications can be pre-installed on phones during manufacturing, downloaded by customers from various mobile software distribution platforms, or delivered as web applications using server-side or client-side processing( e. g. JavaScript) to provide an " application-like " experience within a Web browser. Application software developers also have to consider a lengthy array of screen sizes, hardware specifications and configurations because of intense competition in mobile software and changes within each of the platforms
Artificial Intelligence( AI)- The intelligence of machines or software, and is also a branch of computer science( Applied logic) that studies and develops intelligent machines and software. Major AI researchers and textbooks define the field as " the study and design of intelligent agents " where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success.
Assurance – assures processes and products meet their specified requirements, are consistent, complete, correct as warranted for the system and operating environment, and satisfies stakeholder needs; and enables proactive identification and addresses areas of inadequate analysis, deficient risk mitigation plans, certification / verification inadequacies, or process / product non-compliances having the potential to impact safety, reliability, availability, maintainability, or overall mission-assured success.
� Attention engineering- Focusing and manipulating attention. �
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Augmented reality- A live, direct or indirect, view of a physical, real-world environment whose elements are augmented by computer-generated sensory input such as sound, video, graphics or GPS data. It is related to a more general concept called mediated reality, in which a view of reality is modified( possibly even diminished rather than augmented), by a computer.
Automation- The use of machines, control systems and information technologies to optimize productivity in the production of goods and delivery of services. The correct incentive for applying automation is to increase productivity, and / or quality beyond that possible with current human labor levels so as to realize economies of scale, and / or realize predictable quality levels.
Bandwidth Management- the process of measuring and controlling the communications( traffic, packets) on a network link, to avoid filling the link to capacity or overfilling the link, which would result in network congestion and poor performance of the network Bandwidth management is measured in bits per second( bps) or Bytes per second( Bps).
� Bandwidth- The rate of data transfer, bit rate or throughput, measured in bits per second( bps). � Battery Technology- Galvanic cells that store chemical energy. �
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Behavior analysis- There are two major areas of behavior analysis: experimental and applied. Experimental behavior analysis involves basic research designed to add to the body of knowledge about behavior. Applied behavior analysis, on the other hand, is focused on applying these behavior principles to real-world situations.
Big data analysis- Big data analytics is the process of examining large amounts of data of a variety of types( big data) to uncover hidden patterns, unknown correlations and other useful information.
Big Data- Data Collection- A collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using onhand database management tools or traditional data processing applications. The challenges include capture, curation, storage, search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization.
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