Four Levels of Clean, Low cost, Forgotten Water Technologies for... Four Levels of Clean, Low cost, Forgotten Water.. | Page 209

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34’Vacuum Freezing/Ice Freezing: Effect Accepted
by Western Mainstream(WM)
• ■ 34’Vacuum Freezing/Ice Freezing :
WM Accepted effect: Well developed for combined use in pharma, chemical
industry etc but rare stand alone use as: Eutectic Freeze Crystallization, This is
obscure perception mainstream tech but currently one of most disruptive tech if
fully installed for Desalination & Water cleaning purpose,
• M2(desalination): At some locations/conditions much lower cost to operate than
Reverse Osmosis if tech is fully established but this desalination method
development is sporadic or halted(active 1960-80s: Colt Industries, AVCO
Corporation+) or in limited private operation, even lower cost(30-85+%) in
above 0 temperature time:
• i-lower initial capital, ii-Much less energy use, iii- little corrosion/fouling, hence
less maintenance & little to no chemicals cost, iv- Highly scalable and flexile to
change operation size, v- Operable in varied salinities or oil,
• Some use Clathrate/Hydrate for freezing(Koppers company+), Even more
efficient type(most efficient type) can be by combining Flash Vapor(below)
element.
linkedin.com/in/newnatureparadigm - Ben Rusuisiak: Specialty Cleantech Analysis, Vancouver,
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