Forum for Nordic Dermato-Venereology No 3, 2019 Telemedicine | Page 10

Luit Penninga, Anne Kathrine Lorentzen and Carsten Sauer Mikkelsen – Telemedicine for Frostbite Lesions Fig. 3. Storm during a skiing expedition across the Greenland Ice Cap. Temperatures reached a low of –50°C during the 600 km long expedition, and during heavy storms skiing was impossible as the risk of hypothermia and frostbite was too high. Photo: Anne Kathrine Lorentzen. Fig. 4. The vast Greenland Ice Cap, spanning 2,600 km from north to south, and 1,050 km from east to west. Multiple organizations offer guided expeditions across the Ice Cap, and interest has grown over the past decade, putting increasingly more people at risk of frostbite injuries. Photo: Anne Kathrine Lorentzen. Expert advice gained through telemedicine can avoid prema- ture surgical amputation (2). Early diagnosis allows for the application of new treatment options for frostbite lesions, such as thrombolysis and vasodilating agents like Iloprost (4, 24). C onclusion Telemedicine is an important tool in gaining regional, national or international expert advice on diagnosis and treatment of frostbite lesions. R eferences 1. Lorentzen AK, Davis C, Penninga L. Interventions for frostbite in- juries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 3 DOI:10.1002/14651858. CD012980. 2. Imray C, Grieve A, Dhillon S, Caudwell Xtreme Everest Research Group. Cold damage to the extremities: frostbite and non-freezing cold injuries. Postgrad Med J 2009; 85: 481–488. 3. Heil K, Thomas R, Robertson G, Porter A, Milner R, Wood A. Freez- ing and non-freezing cold weather injuries: a systematic review. Br Med Bull 2016; 117: 79–93. 4. Lorentzen AK, Penninga L. Frostbite-A case series from arctic Greenland. Wilderness Environ Med 2018; 29: 392–400. 5. Lee KJ, Finnane A, Soyer HP. Recent trends in teledermatology and teledermoscopy. Dermatol Pract Concept 2018; 8: 214–223. 6. Campagna M, Naka F, Lu J. Teledermatology: An updated overview of clinical applications and reimbursement policies. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 3: 176–179. 7. Clark AK, Bosanac S, Ho B, Sivamani RK. Systematic review of mobile phone-based teledermatology. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310: 675–689. 8. Byrom L, Lucas L, Sheedy V, Madison K, McIver L, Castrisos G, et al. Tele-Derm National: A decade of teledermatology in rural and remote Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2016; 24: 193–199. 9. Ismail A, Stoff BK, McMichael JR. Store-and-forward telederma- tology service for primary care providers in Afghanistan. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57: e145–e147. 94 T heme I ssue : T eledermatology 10. Assis TG, Palhares DM, Alkmim MB, Marcolino MS. Teledermatol- ogy for primary care in remote areas in Brasil. J Telemed Telecare 2013; 19: 494–495. 11. Hillebrandt D, Imray C. Frostbite. BMJ 2004; 328: 1210. 12. Handford C, Thomas O, Imray CHE. Frostbite. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2017; 35: 281–299. 13. Grieve AW, Davis P, Dhillon S, Richards P, Hillebrandt D, Imray CH. A clinical review on the management of frostbite. J Army Med Corps 2011; 157: 73–78. 14. Hillebrandt D, Imray C, Richards P, Clark A. Telemedicine and GMC Registration: any UK based legislation could be a double edged sword. BMJ 2012; 344: e1417. 15. Szawarski P, Hillebrandt D. Doctor won’t see you now: changing paradigms in mountain medicine. Postgrad Med J 2018; 94: 182–184. 16. Ohno G. Practical results of telemedicine system between Antarctic station and Japan. Telemedicine Techniques & Applications. Prof. Georgi Graschew (Ed.), 2011; ISBN: 978-953-307-354-5, InTech. 17. Siderfin CD, Haston W. Milne AH. Telemedicine in the British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit. J Telemed Telecare 1995; 1: 63–68. 18. Taylor DMcD, Gormly PJ. Emergency medicine in Antarctica 2009; https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2026.1997.tb00394.x. 19. Ekdahl M, Penninga L. Successful conservative treatment of severe frostbite lesions in a Greenlandic inuit. BMJ CR 2017 19; 2017. pii: bcr-2017-219672. 20. Svensson T, Lorentzen AK, Penninga L. Successful treatment of frostbite lesions in Arctic Greenland. J Emerg Crit Care Diagn Manag 2018; 1: 1–2. 21. Harnett B. Telemedicine: To Mount Everest and beyond. Bull Am Soc Inform Sci Tech 2005; doi.org/10.1002/bult.158. 22. Satava R, Angood PB, Harnett B, Macedonia C, Merrell R. The physiologic cipher at altitude: telemedicine and real monitoring of climbers on Mount Everest. Telemed J E Health 2000; 6: 301–313. 23. Skolnick AA. Taking telemedicine to the top of the world. JAMA 1998; 279: 816–817. 24. Cauchy E, Davis CB, Pasquier M, Meyer EF, Hackett PH. A new proposal for the management of severe frostbite in the austere environment. Wilderness Environ Med 2016; 27: 92–99. Forum for Nord Derm Ven 2019, Vol. 24, No. 3