Food Marketing & Technology - India July 2019 | Page 50

Packaging
Table 1: Antimicrobial packaging system with different nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles Polymer matrix Tested Microorganism References
Silver (Ag)/Chitosan Polylactic acid Staphylococcus aureus
Escherichia coli Turalija et al. (2016)
Silver (Ag) Agar Banana Powder Listeria monocytogens
Escherichia coli Orsuwan et al. (2016)
Zinc Oxide (ZnO)/Ag/Cu PLA, Polyethylene glycol
(PEG) Listeria monocytogens
Salmonella typhymurium Ahmed et al. (2016)
Ag Poly Ethylene (PE) Escherichia coli Eslami et al. (2016)
Ag/Cu Guar gum Listeria monocytogens
Salmonella typhymurium Arfat et al. (2017a)
Ag/TiO2 PE Aspergillus flavus Li et al. (2017)
Ag/Cu Fish Skin Gelatin Listeria monocytogens
Salmonella typhymurium Arfat et al. (2017b)
Ag Starch Listeria inocula
Aspergillus niger
Escherichia coli
Penicillium expansum Cano et al. (2016)
ZnO Low Density Poly Ethylene
(LDPE) Bacillus subtilis
Enterobacter aerogenes Esmailzadeh et al. (2016)
Zno Methyl cellulose Staphylococcus aureus
Listeria monocytogens Espitia et al. (2012)
Nanoclay Chitosan Escherichia coli Giannakas et al. (2016)
Mechanism of action of nanomaterials as
antimicrobials in food packaging.
The exact mode of action of nanoparticles in packaging is not
understood completely. Nanoparticles tend to attach to the
bacterial cell membrane via electrostatic interaction, which
there by disrupts the integrity of bacterial membrane. There
are two possible pathways, which show the antibacterial
activity of nanoparticles (Figure 1).
1. Disruption in cell
membrane integrity.
Nanoparticles binds to the cell membrane of the bacterial
electrostatically there by bringing the damage; this further
leads to depolarization of membrane, loss of membrane
integrity. This further induces cell death due to loss of
energy transduction, impaired respiration and unbalanced
translocation of the materials (Beyth et al., 2015)
2. Formation of Reactive
Oxygen Species (ROS)
Production of ROS is the primary reason for nanoparticle
toxicity against the microbial cell functioning. When
nanoparticles produce ROS, which exceeds the cellular
antioxidant defense system, it causes oxidative stress; this
in turn causes lipid peroxidation, thereby disrupting the cell
membrane and finally leading to cell death.
Figure 1: Antibacterial properties of nanoparticles (Source:
Hajipour et al., 2012)
Food Marketing & Technology
50
July 2019