floriNEWS Magazine.pdf Jul. 2014 | Page 6

4 COLUMNIST Biostimulants: A Boon To Flower Growers What exactly are plant biostimulants? Dr. Samuel Nyalala, Department of Crops, Horticulture and Soils, Egerton University, Kenya Kenya’s ascension to global leadership in cut flower production is largely attributed to the quality and quantity of its floral produce. While effective nutrition, irrigation and crop protection remain the main drivers for increased yield and improved quality of cut flowers, growers strive to improve the nutrient status of their crops to cushion the plants against pests and diseases and abiotic stresses using plant biostimulants. It is imperative to put into perspective what plant biostimulants are by asking some pertinent questions; what exactly are plant biostimulants? What advantages do growers derive from using these products? How do they impact plants? What should a grower consider before purchasing a plant biostimulant? This article attempts to answer these questions among others. Plant biostimulants are defined as organic materials other than fertilizers that, when applied in small quantities, enhance plant growth and development. Commercially 6 available biostimulants comprise of formulations of compounds, substances and other products including: microorganisms, trace elements, enzymes, plant growth regulators and extracts that are foliar applied or drenched in the growing media to manipulate and enhance the physiological processes in crops. However, plant biostimulant products are broadly grouped as: products containing hormones, humic substances, amino acids, manure and/ or sea plant extracts. Growers use plant biostimulants for a number of reasons. The biostimulants may enhance nutrient availability and metabolism, improve water-holding capacity of the growing media, and increase production of chlorophyll and antioxidants. Specifically, they facilitate the absorption and transport of nutritional macro and microelements thereby reducing fertilizer use, increase root and shoot growth, enhance resistance to stress and improve water uptake. These results in reduced transplant shock, increased resistance to water and temperature stresses, enhanced