FLEETDRIVE
Visual distraction
Visual distraction occurs when drivers take their eyes off the road. This can include looking at a smartphone, checking a notification, browsing a playlist or watching a video on an in-vehicle display.
Even when a driver looks away for only a short time, traffic conditions can change. A vehicle ahead may brake suddenly, a pedestrian may enter a crossing or another motorist may change lanes.
Watching entertainment content presents a particular concern because it encourages drivers to look at a screen rather than the road. Video can also draw attention repeatedly, making it difficult to maintain consistent awareness of surrounding traffic.
Manual distraction
Manual distraction occurs when drivers take their hands off the steering wheel to perform another task. Examples include holding a phone, typing a destination into a navigation system or adjusting touchscreen controls.
Although some vehicle systems are designed to make these interactions easier, they can still require drivers to reach for controls or look at a display to confirm that an action has been completed.
Smartphone use can be especially demanding because it often combines manual and visual distraction. Reading or replying to a message, for example, requires drivers to look at the screen and use their hands while their attention is divided.
Cognitive distraction
Cognitive distraction occurs when a driver ' s mind is occupied by something other than driving.
A driver might keep their eyes on the road and their hands on the steering wheel but still be mentally distracted by a conversation, a phone call or an engaging podcast.
Video entertainment can be particularly demanding because following a storyline requires the brain to process dialogue, images and events. Drivers may continue looking at the road while their thoughts remain focused on what they are watching.
This can affect situational awareness, including the ability to notice changes in traffic, recognise hazards and make timely decisions.
The NRSPP ' s Australian research resources examine how cognitive load from mobile phones, hands-free devices and in-vehicle infotainment systems can affect driving performance. The evidence reinforces the need to consider not only where a driver is looking, but also how much attention a secondary task demands.
Hands-free technology: yay or nay?
Hands-free technology, including voice-activated commands and integrated vehicle systems, is an important innovation in accessibility. It can allow drivers to make calls, select music and interact with navigation systems without physically holding a device.
However, hands-free technology should not be mistaken for distraction-free technology.
ISSUE 61 OCTOBER 2026 / WWW. AFMA. ORG. AU 25