Shigella Vaccines Market Revenues to Reach US$
Billion/Million by 2026
Shigella is a gram-negative pathogenic enterobacteria that causes severe diarrhea and dysentery
in humans. Symptoms associated with Shigella infection includes fever, stomach pain, tenesmus,
watery diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and convulsions. Various strains of Shigella are
encompassed, such as S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. sonnei and S. boydii. Each species of
Shigella has different serotypes classified on the basis of the structure of O-antigens repeats that
are the polysaccharides moiety of the lipopolysaccharide, a virulence factor consist of toxic
lipid. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2013, the average
annual incidence of shigellosis in the U.S. was around 5 cases per 100,000 individuals. Bacillary
dysentery with brutal epidemics are caused by S. dysenteriae by the production of shiga toxins
whereas, the endemic form of disease is caused by the S. flexneri and S. sonnei. The bacillary
dysentery is accompanied with fever, rectal inflammation, and abdominal cramps.
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According to World Health Organization (WHO), nearly one million people die from Shigella
infection annually. Moreover, the high incidence rate is seen among children less than five
years age, travelers, and military personnel from industrialized economies. Shigella species have
been identified from centuries and it represents a major threat to public health, due to non-
availability of licensed vaccine and thus affecting overall Shigella vaccines market.
Developing vaccine against Shigella infections is difficult, due to the diversity of Shigella species
and their serotypes. Shigella genome is continuously modified by deletion and acquisition of
genes mediated by the mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, insertion sequences, and
integrons. These modifications are the major foundation for the generation of novel antibiotic
resistant strains and it also leads to the formation of novel Shigella serotype variants. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in April 2017, warned the physicians and public
health officials in the U.S. by stating that the recent strains of Shigella bacteria shows the
reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, which is one of the main antibiotics recommended by
WHO for the treatment of shigellosis.