Chemwatch: 4883-43
Page 8 of 14
Version No: 3.1.1.1
Issue Date: 12/20/2013
Print Date: 07/05/2016
Fido's Herbal Shampoo
isothiazolinones,
mixed
TOXICITY
IRRITATION
Oral (rat) LD50: 53 mg/kg[2]
Nil reported
TOXICITY
water
Oral (rat) LD50: >90000 mg/kg
Legend:
IRRITATION
[2]
Not Available
1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2.* Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS.
Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances
Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ceases. This may be due to a
non-allergenic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur following exposure to high
levels of highly irritating compound. Key criteria for the diagnosis of RADS include the absence of preceding respiratory
disease, in a non-atopic individual, with abrupt onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a
documented exposure to the irritant. A reversible airflow pattern, on spirometry, with the presence of moderate to severe
bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without
eosinophilia, have also been included in the criteria for diagnosis of RADS. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation
is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance.
Industrial bronchitis, on the other hand, is a disorder that occurs as result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating
substance (often particulate in nature) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterised by
dyspnea, cough and mucus production.
No significant acute toxicological data identified in literature search.
for alkyl sulfates; alkane sulfonates and alpha-olefin sulfonates
Most chemicals of this category are not defined substances, but mixtures of homologues with different alkyl chain lengths.
Alpha-olefin sulfonates are mixtures of alkene sulfonate and hydroxyl alkane sulfonates with the sulfonate group in the
terminal position and the double bond, or hydroxyl group, located at a position in the vicinity of the sulfonate group.
Common physical and/or biological pathways result in structurally similar breakdown products, and are, together with the
surfactant properties, responsible for similar environmental behavior and essentially identical hazard profiles with regard to
human health.
Acute toxicity: These substances are well absorbed after ingestion; penetration through the skin is however poor. After
absorption, these chemicals are distributed mainly to the liver.
LAURYL SULFATE,
MONOETHANOLAMINE
SALT
Acute oral LD50 values of alkyl sulfates in rats and/or mice were (in mg/kg):
C10-; 290-580
C10-16-, and C12-; 1000-2000
C12-14, C12-15, C12-16, C12-18 and C16-18-; >2000
C14-18, C16-18-; >5000
The clinical signs observed were non-specific (piloerection, lethargy, decreased motor activity and respiratory rate,
diarrhoea). At necropsy the major findings were irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and anemia of inner organs.
Based on limited data, the acute oral LD50 values of alkane sulfonates and alpha-olefin sulfonates of comparable chain
lengths are assumed to be in the same range.
The counter ion does not appear to influence the toxicity in a substantial way.
Acute dermal LD50 values of alkyl sulfates in rabbits (mg/ kg):
C12-; 200
C12-13 and C10-16-;>500
Apart from moderate to severe skin irritation, clinical signs included tremor, tonic-clonic convulsions, respiratory failure, and
body weight loss in the study with the C12- alkyl sulfate and decreased body weights after administration of the C10-16alkyl sulfates. No data are available for alkane sulfonates but due to a comparable metabolism and effect concentrations in
long-term studies effect concentrations are expected to be in the same range as found for alkyl sulfates.
There are no data available for acute inhalation toxicity of alkyl sulfates, alkane sulfonates or alpha-olefin sulfonates.
In skin irritation tests using rabbits (aqueous solutions, OECD TG 404):
C8-14 and C8-16 (30%), C12-14 (90%), C14-18 (60%)- corrosive
Under occlusive conditions:
C12, and C12-14 (25%), C12-15-, C13-15 and C15-16 (5-7%) - moderate to strong irritants
Comparative studies investigating skin effects like transepidermal water loss, epidermal electrical conductance, skin swelling,
extraction of amino acids and proteins or development of erythema in human volunteers consistently showed a maximum of
effects with C12-alkyl sulfate, sodium; this salt is routinely used as a positive internal control giving borderline irritant
reactions in skin irritation studies performed on humans. As the most irritant alkyl sulfate it can be concluded that in humans
20% is the threshold concentration for irritative effects of alkyl sulfates in general. No data were available with regard to the
skin irritation potential of alkane sulfonates. Based on the similar chemical structure they are assumed to exhibit similar skin
irritation properties as alkyl sulfates or alpha-olefin sulfonates of comparable chain lengths.
In eye irritation tests, using rabbits, C12-containing alkyl sulfates (>10% concentration) were severely irritating and produced
irreversible corneal effects. With increasing alkyl chain length, the irritating potential decreases, and C16-18 alkyl sulfate