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41 Id ., at p . 9 .
42 Gregory L . Stuart , Jeff R . Temple , and Todd M . Moore , Improving Batter Intervention
programs Through Theory-based Research , JAMA , Vol . 298 , No . 5 , August 1 , 2007 ; Sandra M . Stith , Karen H . Rosen , Eric E . McCollum and Cynthia J . Thomsen , Treating Intimate Partner Violence Within Intact Couple Relationships : Outcomes of Multiple Couple Versus Individual Couple Therapy , Journal of Martial and Family Therapy , Vol . 30 , No . 3 , 305-318 , July 2004 .
43 The Center on Violence and Recovery , New York University , http :// www . nyu . edu / cvr / intimate / index . html ( last visited April 27 , 2007 ).
44 Mary Kawena Pukui & Samuel Elbert , Hawaiian Dictionary ( 1986 ).
45 Hawaii State Judiciary , News and Reports , Judiciary in the Media , Hawaii State Judiciary
( 2000 ) http :// www . courts . state . hi . us / page _ server / Drafts / News / SpecialProjects / RestorativeJustice / 63975281E9CF1F0EEB58B5337E . html ( last visited April 4 , 2007 ).
46 Hawai ’ i Friends of Civic & Law Related Education , 2007 , www . hawaiifriends . org .
47 Paul McCold , Toward a mid-range theory of restorative criminal justice : A reply to the Maximalist model . 3 ( 4 ) Contemporary Justice Rev . 357-414 ( 2000 ).
48 Lorenn Walker , Restorative Justice Without Offender Participation : A Pilot Program for Victims , Restorative Practices eForum , International Institute for Restorative Practices , 2004 , http :// www . realjustice . org / library / lwalker04 . html ( last visited April 27 , 2007 ); and Lorenn Walker , Ted Sakai & Kat Brady , 2006 , Restorative Circles : A Reentry Planning Process for Hawaii Inmates , 70 ( 1 ) Federal Probation Journal , 33-37 ( 2006 ), http :// www . uscourts . gov / fedprob / June _ 2006 / circles . html ( last visited April 27 , 2007 ).
49 Walker , 2004 , supra & Walker , Sakai & Brady , 2006 , supra .
50 Lorenn Walker , E Makua Ana Youth Circles : A Transition Planning Process for Youth Exiting
Foster Care , 21 Connections 5 ( 2005 ), Victim Offender Mediation Association ( VOMA ), and Walker forthcoming Waikiki Youth Circles : Homeless Youth Learn Goal Setting Skills , 18 ( 3 ) Journal of Family Psychotherapy August 2007
51 Federal Bureau of Investigation , Crime in the United States , 2005 . Washington , D . C ., U . S .
Department of Justice , http :// www . fbi . gov / ucr / 05cius / offenses / clearances / index . html ( last visited April 28 , 2007 ).
52 Walker , 2004 , supra .
53 Lorenn Walker & Leslie A . Hayashi , Pono Kaulike : A Pilot Restorative Justice Program , Hawaii Bar Journal , May 2004 .
54 Melanie Greenberg , Cognitive processing of traumas : the role of intrusive thoughts and reappraisals , 25 Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1262-1296 ( 1995 ).
55 Lorenn Walker , Conferencing : A Group Process That Promotes Resiliency , Paper presented at The Second International Conference on Conferencing and Circles : Restorative Practice in Action , Toronto , Ontario , Canada , 10-12 August 2000 . http :// iirp . org / library / t2000 / t2000 _ walker . html ( last visited April 27 , 2007 ).
56 Hawaii Legislature , Senate Bill 932 , 2007 , http :// www . capitol . hawaii . gov / site1 / docs / getstatus . asp ? q