February 2019 February 2019 | Page 41

Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) to check for shorts, resistance, and continuity. The battery chargers are checked for output and current draw. Additionally, the battery chargers must go through periodic checks to maintain their Underwriters Laboratory (UL) certification. Each gasoline engine is put on a dynamometer and run to check power output, operating tem- perature, and leakage. Fuel tanks are pressur- ized and placed under water to check for leaks. Every finished vehicle is tested for acceleration and breaking. Waste Disposal The manufacture of golf carts creates four major types of waste products: metal chips and contaminated coolant from the machin- ing operations, cardboard shipping materials, and paint overspray. Although difficult to collect and sort, metal chips can often be sold to recyclers. Contaminated coolant is just the opposite. It is easy to gather and difficult to dispose of. As the coolant is used it is contami- nated with tramp oil, lubricant that leaks out of machines. The coolant also supports bacterial growth. Some companies use holding ponds to break down this bacteria in sunlight; they then recycle the coolant once the tramp oil has been filtered out. Most companies, however, just pay to have the oil hauled away by a waste disposal company. Cardboard shipping materials are taken to the local landfill, where the landfill operator is paid to bury or burn them. Some companies use re- cyclable containers made of steel or fiber glass to reduce the amount of cardboard waste, but these become a very expensive alterna- tive when the return shipping costs are taken into account. Paint overspray and paint with an expired shelf life are considered toxic in many cases. To dispose of these materials the golf cart manufacturer must often pay many times the original cost of the paint to have it removed. The Future One technical innovation that may become available within the next ten years is a battery that charges in minutes and works for many hours. Manufacturers may also begin pro- ducing carts with video games built into their dashboards, to help players pass time while waiting at the tee. Similarly, video screens featuring a computer-generated layout of each hole with the location of the balls in play are also being examined. Where To Learn More (Books) Peper, George. Golf in America: The First One Hundred Years. Harry N. Abrahms, 1988. Rivele, Richard J. Chilton’s Total Car Care. Chilton Book Company, 1992. Shacket, Sheldon R. The Complete Book of Electric Vehicles. Domus Books, 1979. Traister, Robert J. All About Electric and Hybrid. TAB Books, 1982. Periodicals “Golf Cars.” Golf Magazine. March, 1989, p. 212. “Got Anything in a Beemer?” Los Angeles Maga- zine. October, 1988, p. 156. “Luxury on the Links.” Time. March 10, 1986, p. 65. Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/ Golf-Cart.html#ixzz5Mmi7BRjh FEBRUARY 2019 41