FEAS Yearbook FEAS Yearbook 2012 | Page 118

FEDERATION OF EURO-ASIAN STOCK EXCHANGES ANNUAL REPORT JUNE 2012 “TOSHKENT” REPUBLICAN STOCK EXCHANGE exports increased by 41% to US$ 4.0 billion. With the gold and gas prices hitting records, export revenue increased by about 2.0% relative to 2008. The growth of imports is estimated at 25.8% in 2009. As in past years, machinery and equipment were the largest import items, reflecting infrastructure development. The sharp fall in export growth, increased imports, and lower remittances cut the current account surplus to an estimated 12.0% of GDP at end- 2009, down from 16.7% in 2008 In the framework of its anticrisis program for 2009–2012, the government will continue its infrastructure development initiatives as well as sector modernization programs. This implies significant investment commitments, most of which will be financed by domestic banks, the FRD, and SOEs. Domestic investments by SOEs will be geared toward the hydrocarbon, energy, chemical, and transport sectors. Foreign direct investment will also provide important financing for investment. The government’s investment program envisages a US$ 2.4 billion inflow of foreign direct investment in 2010, out of which US$ 2.0 billion will be directed to hydrocarbons. In April 2009, the national oil and gas company, Uzbekneftegaz, established a US$ 2.5 billion international joint venture to produce gas-to- liquid synthetic fuel. Due to the active industrial policy, foreign investments are expected to increase steadily in the near future. At FIEZ Navoi, 16 investment projects for a total amount of US$ 200 million are forecast to start in 2010. A major part of the foreign investment is expected to be from Asia and the Middle East. The government plans to attract about US$ 1.0 billion of investment into FIEZ Navoi in the medium term. It has supported the private sector through reductions in rates of unified and fixed taxes, as well as value-added tax refunds and soft loans through commercial banks for exporters. PAGE 116 Economic Prospects Due to the economic recovery of the major trading partners as well as the government’s active industrial policies, improved export performance and higher investment inflows are expected to be major drivers of growth in the forecast period (at 8.5% and 9.0%). International prices for Uzbekistan’s major export commodities look favorable in 2010 and 2011 The downside risks to these forecasts lie in external factors related to the situations in the main trading partners, as well as persistent fundamental imbalances in industrial countries. On the domestic side, timely implementation of the investment program and continued efforts on sector modernization would ensure intended outcomes of the government’s anticrisis program. Well-designed public and private investment, including commercial bank lending, will benefit a broader population through improved access to credit and increased employment opportunities. The government will continue increasing its social and infrastructure expenditures while broadening the tax base and reducing tax rates. The 2010 budget, approved by Parliament at end-December 2009, envisages increasing these expenditures to 13.5% of GDP in 2010, up from an estimated 11.5% in 2009. The rates of both corporate and personal income taxes will be decreased to stimulate business investment and private consumption. The corporate and personal income tax rates will fall by 1 percentage point to bring rates to 9% for corporations, 8% for small businesses, and 11% for individuals. The revenue will be sustained by the ­­recovery in international commodity prices for certain exports that weakened in 2009, counterbalancing the increasing expenditures. The consolidated budget, including the FRD, is seen posting a surplus of 5.5% of GDP in 2010 and 6.5% of GDP in 2011. Investment will also be boosted by increased bank lending and FRD resources. The banking sector increased its lending to small businesses by 50% in 2009, and this trend is expected to continue in 2010 and 2011 in light of significant demand for small and micro-lending. A new direction in the investment activities will be residential construction. The rural residential housing construction program for 2010 plans to allocate up to SUM588.7 billion ($390 million) for this purpose. A large portion of funding will come from the new Rural Construction Bank, established in 2009, in which the government is the majority shareholder. Strong external demand and rising exports will stimulate growth in net foreign assets and the money supply, creating inflation pressures that will be boosted by the large increases in public sector wages. It is expected that nominal depreciation of the sum will be gradual. Thus, fully sterilizing the excess liquidity from the large foreign exchange inflows may be a challenge. As a result of these factors, the government forecasts inflation at about 9% in 2010–2011. The gradual recovery of the global economy and expected growth of world trade will underpin the current account surplus. The country will benefit from the international prices of its main export commodities, which will stay high on rebound. Export gains will be partly offset by rising imports. Import growth will be determined mainly by demand for inputs into modernization of manufacturing and public infrastructure development, and by higher global commodity prices. The current account surplus is forecast at 13.0% in 2010 and 14.0% in 2011. Information obtained from the Exchange.