Farming Monthly National October 2016 | Page 13

| Arable Attention to detail can add value to maize silage As farmers look to harvest their maize crops, attention to detail will pay dividends, guaranteeing a good looking crop in the field and resulting in a quality silage in the clamp. M aize is an intensive crop to grow,” explains Dr Simon Pope, Crop Protection Manager for Wynnstay. “A lot of money, time and effort goes into producing the crop, but often growers overlook the attention to detail that’s needed to get maize harvested in good condition, and ensiled correctly, to limit nutritional losses. “This year, maize is likely to yield very well and be of a high quality thanks to the good growing weather. This doesn’t happen every year, so growers should make the most of this and protect their crop in the clamp,” he adds. “The main issues are loss es due to aerobic spoilage and heating of the face, which devalues the Dry Matter (DM) feeding values.” Research has shown that a 10oC rise in silage temperature at the clamp face over a three-day period can result in a loss of DM valued at £125/100 tonnes of 33% DM maize silage. Or more simply put, £1.25/tonne of silage. “Treatment with an appropriate silage additive can considerably reduce this spoilage, and although additives are considered by some to be an unnecessary cost, they should be seen as protection for farmers’ investment,” explains Dr Pope. “This year it’s even more important to consider as early results are showing the potential for high DM contents at harvest. For example, new variety Reason is positioned on the NIAB forage maize list with a very early maturity and outstanding DM yield, and this is being reflected by the variety’s performance in the field.” “At a target harvest DM of 32% and with a high yield of high ME silage, it is important to minimise losses of this valuable resource,” he says. Dr Pope suggests that by focussing extra attention in a few key areas, this can be achieved. “Consolidation of the pit is key to a successful fermentation process, and filling in layers of six to nine inches allows for effective compaction when rolled to expel as much air as possible. The less oxygen present, the lower the risks of losses due to aerobic spoilage. “Alongside good clamp Dr Simon Pope management, the use of an additive will help to further reduce costly losses in feed value during the ensiling process. So, there should be more maize to feed out, with higher nutritive quality, resulting in better animal performance,” he adds. “Maize is sometimes seen as a tricky crop to grow. However, as long as close attention is given throughout the process, farmers shouldn’t experience losses at the final stage, and they should end up with a high yield of a quality crop.” Valuing Your Soils: New Guidance for Scottish Farmers, Crofters & Land Managers It can take 500 years to replace 25 mm (1 inch) of top soil, yet in the UK it is estimated that 2.9 million tonnes of soil are eroded each year, and soil quality is diminished by poor practices. “Valuing Your Soils”, is newly published guidance, which will help Scottish farmers, crofters and land managers protect and manage their most valuable resource. his is important because farmers are under increasing pressure from climatic events, like last winter’s heavy rains, which had dramatic effects on farm businesses across Scotland. Poor drainage and waterlogged fields can encourage soil compaction problems contributing to poor nutrient uptake by crops and reduced yields. Less obvious are issues associated with poorly drained grasslands which, for example, can encourage parasites leading to poor livestock nutrition and health. Mark Aitken, Principal Policy Officer for the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA), who requested the production of this much needed T www.farmingmonthly.co.uk practical advice, said “Protecting Scotland’s soils and environment is now more important than ever in the face of current economic, climatic and environmental challenges. The “Valuing Your Soils” brochure encourages good management practices that will improve soil quality, help maintain healthy soils and in turn improve farm profits and protect the environment. The publication is also immensely useful because it highlights the importance of good soil structure in protecting and improving water quality, and also helping to reduce flood risks.” The new guidance (funded by CREW (Centre of Expertise for Waters) at the request of SEPA) was produced with input from Scottish farmers, researchers and consultants from Scotland’s Rural College and industry experts guided by a steering group including CREW, SEPA, industry levy body AHDB, NFUS, Scottish Water, SNH, QMS, Forestry Commission Scotland and the Scottish Government. Brochures will be distributed at the Royal Highland Show and other agricultural shows across the country. Electronic versions can be downloaded at http://www.sruc.ac.uk/info/120603/ farming_and_water_scotland. There is useful information about Scotland’s agricultural soils and practical advice outlining the upfront financial savings and business benefits of better soil management and the efficient use of resources. Action and problemspecific ‘field-sheets’ are designed for busy farmers with limited time for reading. The appendix contains more detailed technical information and research case studies highlighting evidence from current investigations of Scottish farm soils. Web links within the brochure will help increase awareness of good management practices, funding opportunities and the current regulations concerning soils in Scotland (e.g. Good Agricultural and Environmental Conditions and the Diffuse Pollution General Binding Rules). NOTE: This document is a replacement for the 2005 Farm Soils Plan, produced by SAC and was based on Getting the Most from Your Soil”, a booklet produced in 2012 for Welsh livestock farmers by Meat Promotion Wales and the former Environment Agency Wales. October 2016 | Farming Monthly | 13