Evolution Magazine Evolution | Page 7

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Hunting gave elephants that didn’t grow tusks a biological advantage in Gorongosa. About a third of younger females (the generation born after the war ended in 1992) never developed tusks. Normally, tuskless ness would occur only in about 2 to 4 percent of female African elephants.

Decades ago, some 4,000 elephants lived in Gorongosa, but those numbers dwindled following the civil war. New, yet unpublished, research was compiled indicates that of the 200 known adult females, 51 percent of those that survived the war(animals 25 years or older) are tuskless. And 32 percent of the female elephants born since the war are tuskless.