and a guarantor of free and fair electoral processes , and meaningful and representative public and political discourse ” 3 .
The Electoral Code regulates the interrelationships between local selfgovernment bodies , the parliament , the president , including the principle of registration of candidates , participation in elections , the process of a referendum , and other legal norms . The Code clearly defines the classical constitutional principles of suffrage : direct suffrage , equal , universal free , secret , and the frequency of elections . It also has general guarantees for correct voting , such as the respect of human rights , stability of suffrage and procedural guarantees , which includes the organization of elections , an effective system of appeals and observation by an impartial body 4 .
At different times , elections have played their role and had importance in different countries of the world , through which they have elected both a leader and made different decisions . In general , the ruling elites in the English-speaking world began to revise their electoral laws in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries 5 . It also must be stated that researchers have long argued that electoral laws directly transfer preferences into results , and they have used the election results to identify the social bases of parties . Elections , in turn , are a complex system that can also have a negative impact . This negative impact is reflected in electoral fraud , such as ballot-box stuffing , double voting , and pressure on voters , etc . Polling station operation , tallying procedures , as well as the opportunities generated by voter registration usually makes political parties have multiple illegitimate votes cast in support of the desired candidate . As a result , it can cause damage to the number of sociologically minded views of politics 6 .
The electoral systems ( codes ) cannot be changed freely ; they must be based on the principles of democracy . Today , it is of paramount importance for democratic countries to turn the so-called democracy into an active legal and political institution , which must be demonstrated by the existence of a free and fair state and
3
United Nations Human Rights Council , “ Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression ” Doc . A / HRC / 26 / 30 , July 2 , 2014 , 10 , http :// undocs . org / A / HRC / 26 / 30
4
European commission for democracy through law , Electoral law , ( Strasbourg : Council of Europe and Venice Commission , 2013 ), 6 , https :// www . venice . coe . int / webforms / documents /? pdf = CDL-EL % 282013 % 29006-e
5
Karen Offen , International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences ( UK : Pergamon , 2001 ), p . 34
6
Fabrice Lehoucq , Electoral Fraud : Causes , Types , and Consequences , Review in advance , no . 6 , ( February 2003 ), 233 .
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