Still , there are a number of obstacles that Syria has to overcome , the most critical one being active terrorist organizations . Three organizations can be identified as the most active ones : the Syrian Islamic Front , Al-Nusra Front , and the Islamic State of Syria ( ISIS ) 30 . The problem of terrorism in Syria greatly hinders the process of resolving the conflict . The operations of these groups affect multiple spheres in Syria . The reasons that have fueled the ongoing civil war in Syria have deepened much more and became some of the primary difficulties for resolving the conflict because these causes , in turn , lie in the fundamental nature of the contradictions that generated the conflict in the first place .
As a result , the dissatisfaction of the population with the authoritarian regime , the domination of Alawite representatives in power and military structures , corruption within the government , and religious contradictions became the causes of the civil war in Syria . As of March 2021 , the number of people killed in the ongoing Syrian civil war has reached 598,100 , and millions have either been injured or displaced 31 . The war has also left negative implications for the Syrian nation in terms of its development . According to the Human Development Index , Syria ’ s ranking has worsened in recent years . It should be noted that starting from 1990 , Syria was continuously achieving positive growth until the 2010s . In 20 years , the score 0.558 was improved until 0.644 . However , due to civil war , the score has worsened to 0.539 by 2015 , categorizing Syria as a state with “ low human development .” There is no major improvement until 2020 32 . Moreover , the Fragile States Index ranks Syria as the fourth most fragile state in the world . Within this Index , Syria achieved the best results in 2010 , when it was ranked as the 48th most fragile state . However , immediately after the beginning of the civil war , the score has been worsening , taking Syria to the top of the chart 33 .
Therefore , it should be noted that sincecoming to power , Bashar al-Assad fostered the mobilization of different segments of political opposition . Besides Islamists , the unresolved issue of the Kurdish population has hindered his successful presidency . Due to a number of reasons , Baath Party has also undergone significant transformations as a political party . The most important transformation
30
Lund Aron , Syria ’ s Salafi Insurgents : The Rise of the Syrian Islamic Front , The Swedish Institute of International Affairs , # 17 , ( 2013 ), 22 – 24 ; Benotman , Noman , & Blake , Roisin . Jabhat al-Nusra : A Strategic Briefing , QUILLIAM , Center for International Security and Cooperation . ( 23 January 2015 ); The Islamic State . Mapping Militant Organizations , ( Stanford University , 2019 ).
31
The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights . Syrian Revolution 120 months on : 594,000 persons killed and millions of Syrians displaced and injured ( 2021 )
32
United Nations ' Development Program . Human Development Reports . ( 2020 ).
33
Ibid
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