Ethos Education Winter 2013/4 | Page 13

US Charter Schools It is not only schools that benefit from a character approach. Kids Company was founded by Camila Batmanghelidjh in 1996 to support highly vulnerable inner city children. It now reaches 17,000 young people across London, many of whom are highly deprived and damaged. Vulnerable children who come to Kids Company have been exposed to parental neglect, relentless violence and abuse, and some are forced to work as drugs couriers and prostitutes. Compelling evidence from US schools also points to the importance of character. The story of the branch of ‘Charter Schools’ called ‘KIPP’ (i.e. ‘Knowledge is Power Program’) is now well known. KIPP schools had been enormously successful in the 1990s, not the least with black and Hispanic children from low income families in New York and elsewhere, at winning admissions and indeed scholarships to top colleges. But this tale of exams success lost its sheen when it was realised that only a fifth of those who graduated completed their four year college degree. David Levin, the co-founder of KIPP, was alarmed. He discovered that the research of Angela Duckworth, a psychologist showed that self control could be a more reliable predictor of student success than their IQ and exam scores. Kids Company provides a caring family environment which allows the children and young people to rebuild their lives. Staff work tirelessly to build trust in those who come to them, and to develop self-esteem and character virtues. Over time, the young begin to regain self-control and to communicate openly. They receive praise for their improved language, dress, punctuality and quality of work. Self-esteem is built by exposing the young to experiences and giving them the opportunity to find out what their unique gifts to the community might be. It plants the seed in the young that they are worth being cared for, and that they have to learn in time how to care for themselves. Resilience is a core character quality for Kids Company and the staff measure it using Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire. The young are monitored closely by the adult staff, including their ability to function within laws and customs. Kids Company achieves remarkable results. Its data shows that for 668 young people aged between 14 and 23, 97% return to education, employment or training. 199 were offered work experience by external organisations, a 197 reduced their substance abuse, and 80% of those who filled out the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire showed an improvement in their emotional wellbeing. ethos magazine Kids Company Enter the appropriately named Paul Tough, whose book ‘How Children Succeed’ has now been published in the UK. Tough argues that research by economists, psychologists, neuroscientists and educators have all shown that the skills that a student requires see them successfully through university and beyond has less to do with IQ and more to do with personality traits. Tough’s conclusions that children who grow up in dysfunctional environments find it harder to concentrate, and this can be shown by malfunctions in the brain including the pre frontal cortex, are echoed by research by Kids Company. Tough points to the need for highly-talented teachers and programmes to address the damage. But Kids Company shows that loving affirmation and mentoring can heal damaged brains and personalities. Riverdale School Dominic Randolph, head of the private school Riverdale in New York, was another to be fascinated by the failure of the KIPP students after they had gone to College. 11