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Nadine, the robot that can empathise and share memories See her in action here: youtu.be/cvbJGZf-raY Peek Vision are combining both technologies into one smartphone app 6 . Primarily developed as a tool for use in developing countries, when finished, Peek will be able to carry out visual acuity testing, contract sensitivity tests, refraction, retinal photography and colour vision. With these miniaturised technologies, it is not difficult to see how the traditional role of the optometrist could easily be replaced. Either by an optical assistant with a smart phone or an autonomous robot, equipped with a suite of vision tests and diagnostic equipment. ‘Real’ optometrists would simply be needed to validate the results. If this approach to telemedicine worries you, how about the patient performing the tests on their own smartphone at home and then printing their own glasses with a 3D printer? Artificial intelligence The foresight report does predict that the NHS is likely to be commissioning more community eye care services from optometrists in the 2020s. But even the clinical diagnosis and management of eye disease isn’t an area completely safe from automation. Google’s DeepMind division recently signed a deal with two NHS trusts to share patient data with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to predict those at risk of acute kidney injury 7 . And AI has also been used to screen fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy 8 ; with similar success rates to trained graders. Humanoid companions And if you think the softer skills of communication, empathy and bedside manner are irreplaceable, think again. Scientists at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore have developed an intelligent robot which, they say, could be used as a companion or nurse for the elderly 9 . This lifelike robot with a Scottish accent can recognise and respond to human emotions with uncanny accuracy. It will take a while before we actually get to the point where patients can carry out an eye examination on the ir phone at home or where a humanoid robot can replace the traditional roles of an optometrist or dispensing optician. But technology is developing at rate never seen before. Businesses and professionals that aren’t ready to change will find it increasingly difficult to survive. References 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The Optical Confederation, Foresight report March 2016 General optical Council Education Strategic Review, call for evidence. March 2017 https://www.d-eyecare.com/ (accessed 21 March 2017) Muiesan, M.L et al. Ocular Fundus Photography with a Smartphone Device in Acute Hypertension. Journal of Hypertension, 2016; 34(OP.8D.06) Russo, A et al. Comparison of Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy With Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy for Grading Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio. Journal of Glaucoma, 2016; 25(9), 777-781 http://www.peekvision.org/ (accessed 21 March 2017) Google’s DeepMind agrees new deal to share NHS patient data, New Scientist, 22 November 2016 Gulshan V, et al. Development and Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in Retinal Fundus Photographs. JAMA. 2016;316(22):2402-2410. Is robotics a solution to the growing needs of the elderly? BBC News 17 March 2017. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39255244 (accessed 21 March 2017) Events Calendar Royal College of Ophthalmologists Annual Congress 22nd – 25th May 2017 Liverpool www.rcopth.ac.uk BCLA Clinical Conference & Exhibition 9th – 11th June 2017 Liverpool www.bcla.org.uk Therapeutics London 24th – 25th September 2017 London www.aop.org.uk/education-and-events/ events/2017/09/24/therapeutics london-2017 43rd Hospital Optometrists Annual Conference 7th – 8th October 2017 Leeds www.aop.org.uk/education-and-events/events/ 2017/10/07/43rd-hospital-optometrists-annual- conference North Yorkshire LOC Meeting 17th October 2017 York www.loc-net.org.uk/north-yorkshire-local- optical-committee Eyecare Conference and Exhibition 2018 21st – 22nd January 2018 Glasgow www.cetpoints.com/events April 2017 | etCETera 11