EROPA Bulletin Volume 34 Nos. 3-4 | Page 18

18 EROPA Bulletin Vol. 34 Nos. 3-4 (July-December 2013) Government (Institutions...) approaches to growth and development, (From page 17) particularly devolution from 2001 to 2008. On the other hand, newly formed and the shift of regions are spending less on operational expenditure accountability for items (personnel, goods and services) than the subnational older regions. With the creation of new regions, the development to local aggregate operating expenditure sharply increased level institutions. In from 44.8% to 65.5% of the total expenditure. All pursuing these would contribute to the performance of the new regionalization as an regions, which approach or “the approach” to will likely not stimulate their development. He also development, Ms. Shah emphasized the significance of presented social and economic indicators in the geographical or topographic conditions in the design regions such as poverty levels, human development and strategies for regional development. The paper index and economic growth across regions in an cited the state of Uttara-Khand in India and its regions attempt to relate the proliferation of autonomous in the Himalayas, where about 90% of its land area is regions to these factors. mountainous. The region’s topography constrains its infrastructure development. Prof. Dave for her part In conclusion, Mr. Suryanto noted that this provided the recommendations of the aper. She noted phenomenon has become a major policy issue that the state government should help regional of decentralization practice in Indonesia. He governments develop their regional development recommended that further study be conducted on the plans. Decentralization should likewise be adopted use of social indicators and service standards to deliver to ensure local conditions and cultural diversities. A services. There is also a need to determine the optimal unique regional model and investments are desirable size and number of regions that may be established to to suit the geographical location, which include promote economic and allocative efficiency and ease high priorities education and tourism infrastructure financial burden to central government; merger of development in the lowland region, and eco-tourism, local government should likewise be considered and/ religious places, and livelihood such as animal or pursued. husbandry, small-scale industries, and dairy products in the greater Himalayas. Regionalization -- The New Sunrise Prof. Forum Dave and Ms. Miraj Shah presented their paper entitled “Regionalization – The New Sunrise.” Ms. Shah started the presentation by locating the whole discourse of regionalization within the context of economic theories on public goods and fiscal federalism to maximize social benefits and welfare. She then discussed decentralization as key Aiming for a Creative, Human-Oriented Maritime and Garden City Takamatsu City Mayor Hideto Ohnishi highlighted the need to transform the city in response to an aging society, where the elderly people are projected to comprise almost half of the population in 2055.