Environmental aspects in the textile industry
Waste in the textile industry consists of waste in solid, liquid and gas aggregate state. Waste in solid aggregate state occurs during the formation of textile or used product. Waste from the process of forming the textile consists of fibers, pellets, yarns or scraps of fabrics. This waste, in firms with complete production process, from yarns, knitted fabrics, etc. usually returns to production again by various means of recycling procedures. For this purpose, it should be sorted by raw composition and colour, and to recycle by way of chopping, dislodging and how to fib back to back process spinning, and later knitting or weaving.
For recycling, and depending on the nature of the residues, apply dry and wet procedure. Namely, over-riding residues such as fibers, pellets, yarns, knitted and woven fabrics with small densities can be recycled after dry, while fabrics with large densities, especially of synthetic fibers or wools obtained by rolling after wet procedure. In "Teteks" Tetovo, a recycling plant was put in dry
procedure, where recycled products are sorted by colour and raw material composition and most often from them or in a mixture of new fibers cheap commodities are produced, such as blankets and rugs.
If the material is not sorted by raw material, and especially not by colour, it can to be recycled in pellets and applied in construction as insulating material or for reinforcement of concrete, in the automotive industry (composite materials, non-woven textile for interior coating), furniture industry, (duks, upholstered furniture), pelts for one-time absorption of impurities soluble in water (usually white cotton) or impurities soluble in oil (usually white synthetic), energy sources, etc.
The survey indicated that most companies are dumping waste after tailoring, and a small number that sort it in terms of composition and colour and sell it in country or abroad. By introducing modern computer methods for fitting on tailored images the rest of the cuts ranges from 3 to 5%, and only in certain cases can reaches up to 20%.
Erasmus+ 42