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WORLD ACADEMY OF INFORMATICS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES ISSN : 2278-1315 Changes in the fair value of financial assets and financial services have been (or will be) received, in which case this liabilities or their disposal (see Section 11 Basic Financial section applies (see paragraph 26.17). Instruments and Section 12 Other Financial Instrument Cash-settled share-based payment transactions include share Issues); Changes in the fair value of investment property appreciation rights. For example, an entity might grant share (see Section 16 Investment Property); Initial recognition and appreciation rights to employees as part of their remuneration changes in the fair value of biological assets related to package, whereby the employees will become entitled to a agricultural activity (see Section 34 Specialized Activities); future cash payment (instead of an equity instrument), based and Initial recognition of agricultural produce (see Section on the increase in the entity’s share price from a specified 34). level over a specified period of time. Or an entity might grant to its employees a right to receive a future cash payment by granting to them a right to shares (including shares to be SECTION 24: GOVERNMENT GRANTS This section specifies the accounting for all government issued upon the exercise of share options) that are redeemable, grants. A government grant is assistance by government in either mandatorily (for example, upon cessation of the form of a transfer of resources to an entity in return for employment) or at the employee’s option. past or future compliance with certain conditions relating to the operating activities of the entity. Government grants SECTION 27: IMPAIRMENT OF ASSETS exclude those forms of government assistance that cannot An impairment loss occurs when the carrying amount of an reasonably have a value placed upon them and transactions asset exceeds its recoverable amount. This section shall be with government that cannot be distinguished from the applied in accounting for the impairment of all assets other normal trading transactions of the entity. This section does than the following, for which other sections of this Standard not cover government assistance that is provided for an establish impairment requirements: entity in the form of benefits that are available in Deferred tax assets (see Section 29 Income Tax); determining taxable profit or tax loss, or are determined or Assets arising from employee benefits (see Section 28 limited on the basis of income tax liability. Examples of Employee Benefits); such benefits are income tax holidays, investment tax Financial assets within the scope of Section 11 Basic credits, accelerated depreciation allowances and reduced Financial Instruments or Section 12 Other Financial income tax rates. Section 29 Income Tax covers accounting Instrument Issues; for taxes based on income. Investment property measured at fair value (see Section 16 Investment Property); SECTION 25: BORROWING COSTS This section specifies the accounting for borrowing costs. Biological assets related to agricultural activity measured at Borrowing costs are interest and other costs that an entity fair value less estimated costs to sell (see Section 34 incurs in connection with the borrowing of funds. Specialised Activities); and Borrowing costs include: Assets arising from construction contracts (see Section 23 Interest expense calculated using the effective interest Revenue). method as described in Section 11 Basic Financial SECTION 28: EMPLOYEE BENEFITS Instruments; Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an Finance charges in respect of finance leases recognized in entity in exchange for service rendered by employees, accordance with Section 20 Leases; and including directors and management. This section applies to Exchange differences arising from foreign currency all employee benefits, except for share-based payment borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an transactions, which are covered by Section 26 Share-based adjustment to interest costs. Payment. Employee benefits covered by this section will be one of the following four types: SECTION 26: SHARE-BASED PAYMENT This section specifies the accounting for all share-based Short-term employee benefits, which are employee benefits payment transactions including those that are equity or cash- (other than termination benefits) that are wholly due within settled or those in which the terms of the arrangement twelve months after the end of the period in which the provide a choice of whether the entity settles the transaction employees render the related service; in cash (or other assets) or by issuing equity instruments. Post-employment benefits, which are employee benefits (other A. A share-based payment transaction may be settled than termination benefits) that are payable after the by another group entity (or a shareholder of any group completion of employment; entity) on behalf of the entity receiving the goods or Other long-term employee benefits, which are employee services. This section also applies to an entity that: benefits (other than post-employment benefits and termination Receives goods or services when another entity in the same benefits) that are not wholly due within twelve months after group (or a shareholder of any group entity) has the the end of the period in which the employees render the obligation to settle the share-based payment transaction; or related service; and Termination benefits, which are employee Has an obligation to settle a share-based payment benefits payable as a result of either: transaction when another entity in the same group receives An entity’s decision to terminate an employee’s employment the goods or services unless the transaction is clearly for a before the normal retirement date; or purpose other than the payment for goods or services An employee’s decision to accept voluntary redundancy in supplied to the entity receiving them. exchange for those benefits. B. In the absence of specifically identifiable goods or Employee benefits also include share-based payment services, other circumstances may indicate that goods or transactions by which employees receive equity instruments (such as shares or share options) or cash or other assets of the www.waims.co.in ENDEAVOR 2019 | WAIMS ACADMIC PRESS 46 | P a g e